Problem of Sources in Researching V.N. Khitrovo’s Biography

Through their work, the author examines some of the problems of studying sources while researching the biography of famous Russian statesman V.N. Khitrovo (1834-1903), who played an important role in shaping the Middle East foreign policy of the Russian Empire. While in the region, he made a great contribution to the protection of Orthodoxy and Orthodox pilgrims in the Holy Land, including the development of education of the Arab population of Palestine and Syria, and promoting the spread of Orthodox education. In order to reconstruct the biography of V.N. Khitrovo, sources of various nature and origin were identified and classified. There has been conducted for the first-time analysis of materials from the private collection of V.N. Khitrovo stored in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library; on their basis, the role of V.N. Khitrovo as a specialist in the field of genealogy is revealed within the text. The materials on the history of the Khitrovo family collected by him make it possible to most fully present the history of the family and its role in the development of the future statesman and organizer of science. There was used a wide range of unpublished archival documents containing material important for the reconstruction of V.N. Khitrovo’s biography. Above all, it is the correspondence of widow S.D. Khitrovo with bibliographer and literary critic S.I. Ponomarev. In addition, for the first time, the authors have collected obituary materials, a large amount of reference literature published in Russia in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries, published official sources and documents of private origin, which have allow the researchers to begin supplementing, clarifying and correcting the information and facts from V.N. Khitrovo’s biography

Источниковедческие проблемы изучения биографии В.Н. Хитрово

Through their work, the author examines some of the problems of studying sources while researching the biography of famous Russian statesman V.N. Khitrovo (1834-1903), who played an important role in shaping the Middle East foreign policy of the Russian Empire. While in the region, he made a great contribution to the protection of Orthodoxy and Orthodox pilgrims in the Holy Land, including the development of education of the Arab population of Palestine and Syria, and promoting the spread of Orthodox education. In order to reconstruct the biography of V.N. Khitrovo, sources of various nature and origin were identified and classified. There has been conducted for the first-time analysis of materials from the private collection of V.N. Khitrovo stored in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library; on their basis, the role of V.N. Khitrovo as a specialist in the field of genealogy is revealed within the text. The materials on the history of the Khitrovo family collected by him make it possible to most fully present the history of the family and its role in the development of the future statesman and organizer of science. There was used a wide range of unpublished archival documents containing material important for the reconstruction of V.N. Khitrovo’s biography. Above all, it is the correspondence of widow S.D. Khitrovo with bibliographer and literary critic S.I. Ponomarev. In addition, for the first time, the authors have collected obituary materials, a large amount of reference literature published in Russia in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries, published official sources and documents of private origin, which have allow the researchers to begin supplementing, clarifying and correcting the information and facts from V.N. Khitrovo’s biography.Рассматриваются источниковедческие проблемы в изучении биографии известного российского государственного деятеля В.Н. Хитрово (1834-1903), который сыграл важную роль в формировании ближневосточного курса внешней политики Российской империи. Одновременно он внес большой вклад в защиту православия и православных паломников в Святой Земле, в развитие образования арабского населения Палестины и Сирии, способствовал распространению православного просвещения. С целью реконструкции биографии В.Н. Хитрово выявлены и классифицированы разнообразные по характеру и происхождению источники. Впервые проведен анализ материалов из личной коллекции В.Н. Хитрово, хранящейся в Отделе рукописей Российской государственной библиотеки; на их основе раскрывается роль В.Н. Хитрово как ученого-специалиста в области генеалогии. Собранные им материалы по истории рода Хитрово позволяют наиболее полно представить историю семьи и ее роль в становлении будущего государственного деятеля и организатора науки. Привлечен широкий комплекс неопубликованных архивных документов, содержащих важный для реконструкции биографии В.Н. Хитрово материал. Прежде всего это переписка вдовы С.Д. Хитрово с библиографом и литературоведом С.И. Пономаревым. Впервые собраны материалы некрологов, привлечен большой объем справочной литературы, издававшейся в России во второй половине XIX - начале XX в., опубликованных официальных источников и документов личного происхождения, которые позволяют дополнить, уточнить и скорректировать имеющиеся в распоряжении исследователей сведения и факты из личной биографии В.Н. Хитрово

Искусство книги Д.С. Стеллецкого

Dmitry Stelletsky was a sculptor, a painter, a graphic artist and a glorious representative of the Russian retrospectivism at the end of the XIXth — the first quarter of the XXth century that paid his attention to the art of manuscript book. The paper examines one of the most important aspects of his work such as book graphics which received positive enthusiastic reviews of artists and art critics. The papere shows the artist’s career from the studying at the Higher Art School of the Arts Academy and his work in the M.K. Tenisheva atelier till the painting of the church of the Trinity-St Sergius monastery in Paris and the creating of the manuscript masterpiece called «The Lay of Igor’s Warfare».In his book graphic works Dmitry Stelletsky was able to achieve as close as possible to the traditions of ancient Russian art and to revive the old Russian book tradition of compositionally stylistic unity of letters, ornaments and illustrations.Дмитрий Стеллецкий — скульптор, живописец, график, яркий представитель русского ретроспективизма конца XIX — первой четверти XX в., обративший свое внимание на искусство книгописания. В статье анализируется один из важнейших аспектов его творчества — книжная графика, получившая восторженные отзывы художников и художественных критиков. В статье показан творческий путь художника: от учебы в Высшем художественном училище при Академии художеств и работы в мастерской М.К. Тенишевой до росписи храма Троице-Сергиева подворья в Париже и создания книгописного шедевра «Слово о полку Игореве».В своих книжных графических работах Дмитрий Стеллецкий смог добиться максимального приближения к традициям древнерусского искусства и возродить древнерусскую книжную традицию композиционно-стилистического единства письма, орнаментов и иллюстраций

FATES OF RUSSIAN ART IN THE YEARS OF REVOLUTION AND CIVIL WAR (PECULIARITIES OF A.A. RYBNIKOV’S CREATIVE WORK)

The article is devoted to the fate of the intellectuals who came over to the Soviet power and participated in the revolutionary process. The analysis is carried out on the example of the life and work of artist Alexei Rybnikov (1887-1949), who came from a merchant family, initially received economic education, graduated from Kharkov school of painting and drawin-gand participated in the exhibitions of “Jack of diamonds”.There are considered the peculiarities of his pre-revolutionary art. The author notes the role of the artist in the rescue of the unique art collections in the years of his work in the People’s Commissariat for Education. There is shownhow the Revolution and the Civil war, the nationalization and requisition of artistic values changed the processes of museum construction in Russia and then the Soviet Union. The author points out that the process of nationalization of the historical and artistic values revealed one of the important issues related to the conservation of works of art - the problem of restoration. The solution to this problem was associated with the need to study the technological characteristics of the paintings by old masters, to record the physical condition of all existing works of art, to describe its technical condition. There is shown that the practical work of rescue and restoration of the old masters’ heritage, which was carried out at the State Tretyakov gallery and the Hermitage by artists, technologists, photographers and scientists (chemists and physicists), led to the discovery of new methods of paintings salvation. Russian artist Alexei Rybnikov began his career before the revolution of 1917 as a painter, book designer and muralist.Like many other representatives of this profession, at first he became an officer of the People’s Commissariat for Education, then an employee of a museum. This path of a free artist’s transformation into a serious museum employee gave the world a new way of washing paintings, and then the method of texture photography invented by him. In the history of the world restoration this method is known as “Methode Rybnikoff’

MOSCOW PRINTERS-FOREIGNERS IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY

The article considers the role of foreigners in the publishing business of Moscow in the last third of the 19th - early 20th century on the example of Moscow printers E.-C. A. Lissner and A.A. Levenson, whose ancestors came to Russia from Austria and Germany. The historio-graphical review showed that the history of Moscow publishing houses and foreign printers who arrived in Russia remains beyond the scope of the current scientifi c interest. There are analyzed the stages of the development of the publishing business, it features, printing fi ndings, the specifi cs of the book market.E.-C. A. Lissner and A.A. Levenson are the brightest fi gures in Russia in the fi eld of publishing. Starting from scratch, they were able to create unique typography, in which it was possible to produce multicolour hard products, phototype table, to improve engraving, chromolithography and colour photozincography. To perform these works, they attracted specialists who were able to develop and implement new ways of printing. E.-C. A. Lissner and A.A. Levenson collaborated with the best artists of Russia helping to implement the ideas of publishing quality printed products that contributed to the aesthetic education of readers. The article reveals the importance of the activities of the two publishers of German origin E.-C. A. Lissner and A. Levenson in the development of the Russian culture (literature and art) and the popularization of scientifi c knowledge. They laid new principles of publishing and printing of illustrations, created a new trend in book production. Their activities contributed to the opening of new names in literature and art, promotion of Russian printing technology and book production to both domestic and foreign markets, development of book art and improve-ment of printing

Книжное творчество Н.С. Самокиша

Nikolay Samokish is an outstanding representative of Russian battle-piece painting in the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. One of the major aspects of his creativity — the book graphics which brought him the All-Russia success and fame is analyzed in the article. In his book graphic art Nikolay Samokish is more than “illustrator”. In his graphic of ornamental character he obtained constructive easiness, simplicity combining it with the features of a well-conceived.Николай Самокиш — выдающийся представитель русской батальной живописи конца XIX — первой половины XX века. В статье анализируется один из важнейших аспектов его творчества — книжная графика, принесшая художнику всероссийский успех и славу. В своем книжно-графическом творчестве Николай Самокиш смог пойти дальше понятия «художник-иллюстратор». В рисунках орнаментального характера он добился конструктивной легкости, простоты, сочетая ее с чертами хорошо понятой монументальности

LIFE AND COMMUNITY MINISTRY OF JACOB (DOMSKY). THE EMINENT BISHOP OF YAKUTSK AND VILYUYSK

The article considers the peculiar features of the selfless service in the far regions of the Russian Empire. The analysis is carried out on the example of the life and ministry of missionary, educator, teacher, preacher, Bishop Jacob (Domsky). His participation in the process of improving spiritual schools, the conditions of teaching and mentoring, developing new and improving old educational programmes contributed to the solution to one of the most important tasks - the training of highly educated Ministers of the Church. These graduates were able to serve the Fatherland in Siberia, the Far East, the Russian mission in China and Japan, in the vast territory of the Aleutian and Alaska dioceses. The opening of rural parish and parochial schools, the establishment of women’s diocesan schools, public library and translation activities - all these facts are about the life of Jacob (Domsky). As the Bishop of one of the most distant and great foreign dioceses, he did much to establish Orthodoxy and raise the authority of the Orthodox priesthood. Based on the brief analysis of the main theological works, among which is “Russian preaching, historical review and contemporary perspective on its direction”, the article shows the importance of the heritage of the missionary in the development of the Church historiography. For example, the activities of Bishop of Jacob (Domsky) reveal the role of Russian spiritual warriors in the organization and development of librarianship, education and spiritual enlightenment of the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Far East

Design and photophysical investigation of dipyrromethenates coordinated with the boron(III), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) as optical elements

Alkyl-halogen-dipyrromethene (Dpm) ligands coordinated with boron(III), zinc(II), and cadmium(II) were studied experimentally and theoretically to elucidate and compare influence of the coordination centers and halogen substituents (“heavy” atom effect) on observable photophysical properties. Novel and recently published experimental data were summarized and analyzed using quantum-mechanical calculations which revealed specific of the electronic structures and photo-induced dissipations in the molecular complexes. Halogenation of the Dpm difluoroborates (BODIPY) increases the intersystem spin crossing (ISC) and the triplet harvest whereas halogen atoms play no crucial role in fluorescence quenching of the systems with Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexing agents. Low fluorescence intensities of double Dpm moieties coordinated with the tran-sition metal ions are provided by radiationless internal conversion suppressing photoemission with following ISC which is intensified in presence of halogens. BODIPY fluorescence undergoes direct ISC competition and quenching intensity depend on the kind and the number of halogens