Average (± standard error) δ¹³C values (‰) of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and triacylglycerols of <i>Eulimnogammarus lacustris</i> from littoral sites of the Yenisei River and significance of their differences according to Student's <i>t</i>-test for dependent pairs and Wilcoxon matched pairs T-test for number of pairs n = 9.

<p>Average (± standard error) δ¹³C values (‰) of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and triacylglycerols of <i>Eulimnogammarus lacustris</i> from littoral sites of the Yenisei River and significance of their differences according to Student's <i>t</i>-test for dependent pairs and Wilcoxon matched pairs T-test for number of pairs n = 9.</p

Average values of the isotope ratios (‰) in phytoperiphyton (prpht), <i>Apatania crymophila</i> (trchpt), <i>Eulimnogammarus viridis</i> (gammar), Siberian grayling <i>Thymallus arcticus</i> and water moss <i>Fontinalis antipyretica</i> from the littoral of the Yenisei River near Krasnoyarsk, 2008–2011.

<p>Average values of the isotope ratios (‰) in phytoperiphyton (prpht), <i>Apatania crymophila</i> (trchpt), <i>Eulimnogammarus viridis</i> (gammar), Siberian grayling <i>Thymallus arcticus</i> and water moss <i>Fontinalis antipyretica</i> from the littoral of the Yenisei River near Krasnoyarsk, 2008–2011.</p

Schematic of synthesis of fatty acids from pool of acetate with relative isotope composition values of the pool and the acids, arranged along δ¹³C axe. Transferases/desaturases provide the kinetic isotope effect, resulting in the isotope depletion in the synthesized fatty acid, 18:3n-3, while elognase adds carbon atom from the acetate pool and thereby provides the isotope enrichment in the synthesized fatty acid, 20:5n-3.

<p>A number of intermediate fatty acids are substituted by “…”.</p

Average isotope composition of fatty acids in water moss <i>Fontinalis antipyretica</i> from the littoral of the Yenisei River.

<p>Bars represent standard errors.</p