Effects and Risks of Digital Quality of Life in Russian Regions

Widespread digital transformation significantly changed people’s quality of life. We hypothesise that the digital component of people’s quality of life had a positive but differential impact on economic growth in Russian regions during 2015–2019. Moreover, economic and institutional risks occurring at the current stage of digital transformation could negatively affect economic development. The research pays special attention to the institutional factor, namely, project management quality and its influence on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Russian regions. Methods of economic research were used such as index, rating, expert evaluation methods as well as regression and panel data models (including those with dummy variables). Transformation assessment was based on an integral index proposed by the authors called the Russian regional index of digital component of people’s quality of life (RRIDCPQL). The value of this digital index was increasing during 2015–2019. The hypotheses of statistically significant influence of the digital quality of life, regional and temporal unobserved factors on real GDP per capita in 2015–2019 were confirmed. However, the study rejected the hypotheses of the positive impact of digitalisation on the unemployment rate and on the decrease in the share of government employees. Positive influence of digitalisation on the divorce rate was revealed while its negative influence on economic criminality and real income per capita of the population was partially confirmed. The importance of project management quality of the program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” for regional development was demonstrated. The research results presenting new data on the growth of digital economy can be used to adjust the implementation of digital projects in Russian regions

Effects and Risks of Digital Quality of Life in Russian Regions

Widespread digital transformation significantly changed people’s quality of life. We hypothesise that the digital component of people’s quality of life had a positive but differential impact on economic growth in Russian regions during 2015–2019. Moreover, economic and institutional risks occurring at the current stage of digital transformation could negatively affect economic development. The research pays special attention to the institutional factor, namely, project management quality and its influence on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Russian regions. Methods of economic research were used such as index, rating, expert evaluation methods as well as regression and panel data models (including those with dummy variables). Transformation assessment was based on an integral index proposed by the authors called the Russian regional index of digital component of people’s quality of life (RRIDCPQL). The value of this digital index was increasing during 2015–2019. The hypotheses of statistically significant influence of the digital quality of life, regional and temporal unobserved factors on real GDP per capita in 2015–2019 were confirmed. However, the study rejected the hypotheses of the positive impact of digitalisation on the unemployment rate and on the decrease in the share of government employees. Positive influence of digitalisation on the divorce rate was revealed while its negative influence on economic criminality and real income per capita of the population was partially confirmed. The importance of project management quality of the program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” for regional development was demonstrated. The research results presenting new data on the growth of digital economy can be used to adjust the implementation of digital projects in Russian regions

New Types of Digital Markets and Inequality in International Trade

Четвертая промышленная революция и переход к пятой вызывают изменение бизнес-процессов и расширение цифровых рынков, не только национальных, но и глобальных. Цель статьи – охарактеризовать развивающиеся виды цифровых рынков, оценить неравенства в экспорте и импорте товаров и услуг сектора информационно-коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ), электронной торговле в странах мира и международных союзах. Для проведения исследования использовались общенаучные и специфические методы, а именно морфологические и сравнительные методы, методы статистики и рыночной аналитики. Получены следующие основные выводы: 9 стран формируют высококонцентрированный экспорт товаров ИКТ и 10 стран обеспечивают высокую концентрацию импорта товаров ИКТ. Мировые рынки услуг ИКТ, наоборот, низкоконцентрированные. Количество людей, использующих Интернет для покупки товаров и услуг, увеличивается, а неравенство по этому показателю в международных союзах (кроме БРИКС) снижается. В странах рассмотренных союзов средняя доля организаций, продававших товары и услуги по онлайн-заказам, меньше средней доли организаций, покупавших товары и услуги по онлайн-заказам, почти в 2 раза. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в качестве аналитической основы для принятия решений о развитии цифровых рынков товаров и услуг и их регулировании в направлении достижения технологического суверенитета России в цифровой экономикеThe fourth industrial revolution and the transition to the fifth cause a change in business processes and the expansion of digital markets, not only national, but also global. The purpose of the article is to characterize the emerging types of digital markets, assess inequalities in the export and import of goods and services in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, electronic commerce in the countries of the world and international unions. General scientific and specific methods were used to conduct the study, namely morphological and comparative methods, methods of statistics and market analytics. The following main conclusions are obtained. 9 countries form a highly concentrated export of ICT goods and 10 countries provide a high concentration of imports of ICT goods. Global markets for ICT services, on the other hand, are low-concentration. The proportion of the population that used the Internet to buy goods and services is increasing, while inequality in terms of this indicator in international unions (except BRICS) is decreasing. In the countries of the considered unions, the average share of organizations that sold goods and services through online orders is almost 2 times less than the average share of organizations that bought goods and services through online orders. The results of the study can be used as an analytical basis for making decisions on the development of digital markets for goods and services and their regulation in the direction of achieving Russia’s technological sovereignty in the digital econom

Sustainability of economic growth and digital risks in regions of Russia

Digital transformation of society which influenced all spheres of people’s life can promote sustainability of economy, especially on the growth stage of its lifecycle. The research characterizes sustainability of economy as sustainability of economic growth in regions of Russia, which is estimated by variation ratio of growth rates of physical volume of gross regional product in 85 regions during 2011–2019. Positive connection between regional subindices of people’s quality of life and the ESG ranking of Russian regions is revealed. It was discovered that increase of people’s digital wealth positively influenced on sustainability of growth rates of gross regional product during 2015–2018. The risk of unemployment rate increase which is frequently mentioned in publications was not confirmed, namely the share of unemployed with higher education and without it as a part of relevant labor force negatively correlates with digital indices. Digitalization of social sphere and services positively influence on divorcement rate and tumor illness frequency while its decrease could result in growth of economic crimes share. However people’s digital wealth could influence on decrease of share of government and municipal servicemen in regions labor force. It is advisable to count these ambiguous processes when perfecting national and regional development programs

Dynamics the Transaction Sector of the Russian Economy: As Taught by D. North

The paper considers the methods of transactional costs measuring on the micro- and macrolevels on the basis of Russian scientists works. The conclusions on application of direct and indirect calculation methods and explicit and implicit costs on the microlevels are made. Transactional costs are estimated using the method by D. North and J. Wallis. However besides this approach the methods of transactional costs calculation using gross output share (and its components) of transactional sector in gross output (and its components) in the whole economy. In a whole, on the macrolevel the method of direct count and relevant statistical date are mainly applied. The paper applies two approaches to assess changes in transactional sector of modern Russian economy: the North-Wallis approach (transactional share in GDP/GNP of a country) and the author's approach which estimates dynamics of gross output of transactional sector in gross output of the whole economy. The informational base of the research was the Russian national accounting system for 2002–2014. We considered structure and dynamics of gross output and GDP of Russian economy and estimated its productivity degree. Also we investigated trends in development of basic (transformational) and transactional sectors of the economy, revealed leading branches in GDP production and in relative production productivity. We analyzed rates of gross added value growth in both sectors. Transactional costs of the Russian economy are estimated using two approaches, correlation links between transactional costs per unit spent for economy gross output in comparable prices and real gross output and its components growth rates are revealed. Also we showed influence of transactional costs on GDP dynamics. Conclusions on trends in transactional sector alteration and its influence on dynamics of main macroeconomic parameters significantly differ from those made on the basis of analogous calculations for the years 1990–2001