4 research outputs found

    Валидация ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ измСрСния Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π½Π° микроскопС-спСктрофотомСтрС МБЀУ-К

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    This work is part of a series of efforts towards validation of methods used in forensic fiber analysis. These efforts address current needs for accreditation of forensic laboratories and quality control in operations.The qualitative testing methodology consists of obtaining absorption spectra with the microscope spectrophotometer MSFU-K and comparing the spectral characteristics of color in fiber samples. The expert determines whether the textile fibers submitted for analysis match in color or not, depending on the results of spectral comparison.The proposed validation experiment algorithm is designed for evaluating uncertainty in optical density measurements and the level of expert competence.In this case uncertainty corresponds to reproducibility standard deviation. To evaluate uncertainty, two operators took readings of absorption spectra of dyed fibers independently in the course of three days, and measured optical density at maximum and minimum absorption wavelengths. To evaluate repeatability, 5 spectra were obtained in a row on each of the three days.The testing was conducted using three samples of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. Key characteristic points in the samples’ absorption spectra covered a wide range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum. Measurements were taken using the MSFU-K microspectrophotometer, which consists of a microscope with a spectrophotometric add-on unit.Statistical analysis of measurement data demonstrated uncertainty levels between 7,1 % and 22,1 %. Uncertainty values below 30 % are indicative of quantitative measurements and insignificant variance of optical density values, which corresponds to high reproducibility of spectra and allows the expert to make statistically reliable match/non-match conclusions on the color of compared fibers.Expert competence was assessed based on Β«blindΒ» test results. The experts had to determine which of the three samples were colored with the same dye. Each of the two experts was provided with 3 visually identical samples that were colored with different dyes. The experts were asked to distinguish between fibers treated with the same dye. When analyzing obtained spectra, both experts correctly identified same-color fibers based on matching color spectral characteristics.Positive validation results suggest that the MSFU-K microscope spectrophotometer can be successfully used in forensic fiber analysis for measuring the color of dyed fibers.Β Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ ΠΈΠ· сСрии Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ, примСняСмых ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ производствС криминалистичСской экспСртизы волокнистых ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ².Π‘ΡƒΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ качСствСнной ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ тСстирования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ спСктрофотомСтра МБЀУ-К спСктра поглощСния ΠΈ сопоставлСнии ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… характСристик Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° сравниваСмых Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½. На основании сопоставлСния спСктров экспСрт Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ вопрос, совпадаСт/Π½Π΅ совпадаСт Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚ сравниваСмых Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, прСдставлСнных Π½Π° экспСртизу.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° схСма экспСримСнта Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ являлись ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° нСопрСдСлСнности измСрСния оптичСской плотности ΠΈ уровня компСтСнтности экспСртов.Π’ рассматриваСмом случаС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ совпадаСт со срСднСквадратичным ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (БКО) воспроизводимости. Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ нСопрСдСлСнности Π΄Π²Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° снимали нСзависимо Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ спСктры поглощСния ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ измСряли ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°Ρ… максимума ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΠ°. ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ, снимая Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒ спСктров подряд.Для исслСдования Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ (Π½ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½). ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристичСскиС Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ спСктров поглощСния ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ спСктра. Π˜Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ выполняли Π½Π° микроспСктрофотомСтрС МБЀУ-К, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ прСдставляСт собой микроскоп со спСктрофотомСтричСской насадкой.Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ статистичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ оптичСской плотности установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ 7,1 Π΄ΠΎ 22,1 %. ЗначСния нСопрСдСлСнности <30 % ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° количСствСнный Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, нСсущСствСнный разброс Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ оптичСской плотности, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ соотвСтствуСт высокой воспроизводимости спСктра ΠΈ позволяСт экспСрту Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ достовСрныС Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎ совпадСнии/нСсовпадСнии Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° сравниваСмых Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½.ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ экспСртов ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ «слСпых» испытаний. ЭкспСрты Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ краситСлСм. Π”Π²ΡƒΠΌ экспСртам Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ прСдоставлСны ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ практичСски Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ, Π½ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ краситСлями. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ экспСртами ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ краситСлСм. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… спСктров ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΌ экспСртом Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ сдСланы ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°Ρ…, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ характСристикам Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π°.На основании ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экспСримСнта сдСлан Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ пригодности ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ измСрСния Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π½Π° микроскопС-спСктрофотомСтрС МБЀУ-К для примСнСния Π² криминалистичСской экспСртизС волокнистых ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ².

    Experimental Validation of a Methodology for Determining Soil pH and Specific Electrical Conductance in Samples of Geological and Soil Evidence in Forensic Environmental Investigations in the Absence of Standard Samples

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    The paper describes an experiment in validation of a forensic methodology for determining the hydrogen potential (pH) and specific conductance (SC) in samples of geological and soil evidence for the purposes of forensic environmental investigation. Validation was aimed at standardizing the conditions of aqueous extract preparation, since the conditions prescribed by corresponding regulations varied significantly. Given the absence of adequate standard samples at the time of the experiment, control samples had to be selected, and reference values of pH and SC in these control samples had to be determined through average values of the overall set of measurements. The experiment consisted of 5 operators independently conducting six parallel analyses of three control samples, each operator working at a different time and using their own assay kits. Both pH and SC values were measured in two different dilutions, each after 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours of holding time. Statistical calculations of the obtained set of results yielded reference values for target parameters in three control samples for different aqueous extract preparation conditions. It was demonstrated that when the extract is diluted to 1 : 2.5 soil/water ratio, measurements are on average 1.8 times higher for SC, and 0.20 pts lower for pH, compared to 1 : 5 soil/water dilution. Since 1 : 5 is the standard dilution for aqueous extracts, 1 : 2.5 dilutions call for a corresponding adjustment. Acceptable holding time between dilution and measurement has been established to vary between 5 minutes and 1 hour. When re-validated a year later, the obtained mean values of pH and SC in three control samples of soil fit within the uncertainty interval for adopted reference values.The outcomes demonstrate the stability of control sample properties and reliability of the applied methodology

    Measuring Dyed Fiber Color with MSFU-K Microscope Spectrophotometer: Methodology Validation

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    This work is part of a series of efforts towards validation of methods used in forensic fiber analysis. These efforts address current needs for accreditation of forensic laboratories and quality control in operations.The qualitative testing methodology consists of obtaining absorption spectra with the microscope spectrophotometer MSFU-K and comparing the spectral characteristics of color in fiber samples. The expert determines whether the textile fibers submitted for analysis match in color or not, depending on the results of spectral comparison.The proposed validation experiment algorithm is designed for evaluating uncertainty in optical density measurements and the level of expert competence.In this case uncertainty corresponds to reproducibility standard deviation. To evaluate uncertainty, two operators took readings of absorption spectra of dyed fibers independently in the course of three days, and measured optical density at maximum and minimum absorption wavelengths. To evaluate repeatability, 5 spectra were obtained in a row on each of the three days.The testing was conducted using three samples of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. Key characteristic points in the samples’ absorption spectra covered a wide range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum. Measurements were taken using the MSFU-K microspectrophotometer, which consists of a microscope with a spectrophotometric add-on unit.Statistical analysis of measurement data demonstrated uncertainty levels between 7,1 % and 22,1 %. Uncertainty values below 30 % are indicative of quantitative measurements and insignificant variance of optical density values, which corresponds to high reproducibility of spectra and allows the expert to make statistically reliable match/non-match conclusions on the color of compared fibers.Expert competence was assessed based on Β«blindΒ» test results. The experts had to determine which of the three samples were colored with the same dye. Each of the two experts was provided with 3 visually identical samples that were colored with different dyes. The experts were asked to distinguish between fibers treated with the same dye. When analyzing obtained spectra, both experts correctly identified same-color fibers based on matching color spectral characteristics.Positive validation results suggest that the MSFU-K microscope spectrophotometer can be successfully used in forensic fiber analysis for measuring the color of dyed fibers

    ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ опрСдСлСния pH ΠΈ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ элСктропроводности Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-гСологичСского происхоТдСния для производства судСбно-экологичСской экспСртизы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ отсутствии стандартных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ²

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    The paper describes an experiment in validation of a forensic methodology for determining the hydrogen potential (pH) and specific conductance (SC) in samples of geological and soil evidence for the purposes of forensic environmental investigation. Validation was aimed at standardizing the conditions of aqueous extract preparation, since the conditions prescribed by corresponding regulations varied significantly. Given the absence of adequate standard samples at the time of the experiment, control samples had to be selected, and reference values of pH and SC in these control samples had to be determined through average values of the overall set of measurements. The experiment consisted of 5 operators independently conducting six parallel analyses of three control samples, each operator working at a different time and using their own assay kits. Both pH and SC values were measured in two different dilutions, each after 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours of holding time. Statistical calculations of the obtained set of results yielded reference values for target parameters in three control samples for different aqueous extract preparation conditions. It was demonstrated that when the extract is diluted to 1 : 2.5 soil/water ratio, measurements are on average 1.8 times higher for SC, and 0.20 pts lower for pH, compared to 1 : 5 soil/water dilution. Since 1 : 5 is the standard dilution for aqueous extracts, 1 : 2.5 dilutions call for a corresponding adjustment. Acceptable holding time between dilution and measurement has been established to vary between 5 minutes and 1 hour. When re-validated a year later, the obtained mean values of pH and SC in three control samples of soil fit within the uncertainty interval for adopted reference values.The outcomes demonstrate the stability of control sample properties and reliability of the applied methodology.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ описаниС экспСримСнта ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ опрСдСлСния Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ показатСля (pH) ΠΈ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ элСктропроводности (УЭП) Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-гСологичСского происхоТдСния для производства судСбно-экологичСской экспСртизы. Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° унификация условий приготовлСния Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ вытяТки ΠΈΠ· исслСдуСмых ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ… условия сущСствСнно Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ. Π’ связи с отсутствиСм Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… стандартных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ pH ΠΈ УЭП ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ срСдних Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ совокупности Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ экспСримСнтС участвовали ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ нСзависимо Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ - Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ врСмя, со своим Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ оборудования. Π˜Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ pH ΠΈ УЭП выполняли для Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½, 1 час ΠΈ 24 часа. На основании статистичСских расчСтов ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ совокупности Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² приняты ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния опрСдСляСмых ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях приготовлСния Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ вытяТки. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ вытяТки Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π°/Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° 1 :2,5 Π² срСднСм Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ опрСдСлСния УЭП Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ Π² 1,8 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°, Π° pH Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° 0,20 Π΅Π΄. Π² сравнСнии с Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π°/Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° 1 : 5. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ для Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ вытяТки общСпринятым являСтся Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 : 5, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 1 : 2,5. Π’ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ выдСрТивания вытяТки Π΄ΠΎ измСрСния установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΠΎ 1 часа. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ срСдниС значСния pH ΠΈ УЭП Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π° нСопрСдСлСнности принятых ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ± устойчивости свойств ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ надСТности использованной ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ
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