16 research outputs found

    Lycopene - antioxidant with radioprotective and anticancer properties. A review

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    Ionizing radiation may cause damage to living tissue by producing free radicals like reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can randomly react with lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of cell causing oxidative stress and damage in these macromolecules, leading to pathogenesis of chronic diseases and age related and also cancer. The first line of defense from the damaging effects of ROS is antioxidants, which convert the oxidants to less reactive species. Lycopene (LYC) is an acyclic isomer of beta-carotene. It synthesized by plants or autotrophic bacteria but not by animals. Red fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, watermelons, pink grapefruits, apricots, pink guavas and papaya contain LYC. This carotenoid has very strong antioxidant properties. The many studies confirm that dietary supplementation with LYC reduces risk of cancers of many organs, but also retard the growth of the tumors. LYC has also chemopreventive effects against other diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, male infertility and inhibits the toxic action of other agents. Numerous in vitro and animal studies showed that LYC may provide protection against damages induced by ionizing radiation. It suggests that supplementation of LYC might be useful in diminishing of negative effect of cancer radiotherapy or in mitigating the effects of possible radiation accidents on human health.Promieniowanie jonizuj膮ce mo偶e powodowa膰 uszkodzenia 偶ywej tkanki poprzez wytwarzanie wolnych rodnik贸w takich jak reaktywne formy tlenu (RFT). RFT mog膮 przypadkowo wchodzi膰 w reakcj臋 z lipidami, bia艂kami lub kwasami nukleinowymi kom贸rki, powoduj膮c stres oksydacyjny i uszkodzenia w tych makrocz膮steczkach, co prowadzi do patogenezy chor贸b przewlek艂ych i zwi膮zanych z wiekiem, a tak偶e do zachorowania na raka. Pierwsza linia obrony przed szkodliwym dzia艂aniem RFT to przeciwutleniacze, kt贸re przekszta艂caj膮 utleniacze do form mniej reaktywnych. Likopen (LYC) jest acyklicznym izomerem beta-karotenu. Jest on syntetyzowany przez ro艣liny i bakterie autotroficzne, ale nie przez zwierz臋ta. Czerwone owoce i warzywa, w tym pomidory, arbuzy, r贸偶owe grejpfruty, morele, papaja i r贸偶owe guawy zawieraj膮 LYC. Ten karotenoid ma bardzo silne w艂a艣ciwo艣ci antyoksydacyjne. Liczne badania potwierdzaj膮, 偶e suplementacja LYC zmniejsza ryzyko raka wielu narz膮d贸w, a tak偶e op贸藕nia wzrost guza. LYC ma dzia艂anie zapobiegawcze r贸wnie偶 przeciwko innym chorobom, takim jak choroby uk艂adu kr膮偶enia, osteoporoza, niep艂odno艣膰, oraz hamuje toksyczne dzia艂anie innych czynnik贸w. Badania in vitro i nad zwierz臋tami wykaza艂y, 偶e LYC mo偶e zapewni膰 ochron臋 przed uszkodzeniami indukowanymi przez promieniowanie jonizuj膮ce. Sugeruje to, 偶e suplementacja LYC mo偶e by膰 przydatna w zmniejszaniu negatywnego wp艂ywu radioterapii na zdrowie cz艂owieka lub w 艂agodzeniu skutk贸w ewentualnych wypadk贸w radiacyjnych

    Effects of genistein supplemented before or after irradiation on DNA injury in human lymphocytes in vitro

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    Background. Ionizing radiation (IR) carry adequate energy to ionize or remove electrons from an atom. Particles interact with water to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Genistein (GEN) is a naturally occurring phytoestrogen and the basic isoflavonoid in soybeans and soybean-enriched products and is believed to have the strongest antioxidant activity. Objective. The study aimed at the investigation if application of GEN at different time prior or past irradiation may ameliorate or reduce injury of DNA in human lymphocytes. Material and Methods. The isolated lymphocytes were exposed to X-irradiation (0.5; 1 Gy). GEN (1 渭M/ml; 10 渭M/ ml) was appended to attempts at various times prior or past irradiation (1 h prior, immediately prior, immediately past, 1 h past). We joined each X-rays dose with each GEN dose. After 1h of incubation DNA damages were examined using Comet assay. Results. Combination of 1 渭M/ml of GEN given 1 h before irradiation with low or high dose markedly decreased induced by irradiation DNA injury. Higher dose of GEN applied immediately before or after irradiation markedly extended the frequency of DNA injury generated by irradiation. The result of application 1 渭M/ml GEN 1 h after irradiation was not significantly different compared to control. The effect of 1 Gy + 10 渭M/ml GEN was not significantly lower compared to each agent alone. Conclusions. Only a very low concentration of GEN applied before irradiation, may be considered as a potential radiomitigator/radioprotector. High doses of GEN work as a radiosentitizer and may potent the effects of radiotherapy

    THe influence of bisphenol A and of combined exposure to X-rays and bisphenol A to somatic cells of the bone marrow and liver of mice

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    Celem pracy by艂o zbadanie wp艂ywu bisfenolu A (BPA) i skojarzonego dzia艂ania promieniowania X i BPA na kom贸rki somatyczne szpiku kostnego i w膮troby myszy. Samce myszy szczepu Pzh: Sfis przez 8 tygodni napromieniano dawk膮 0,05 Gy lub podawano im bisfenol A (5 mg/kg mc, 10 mg/kg mc, 20 mg/kg mc) albo poddawano skojarzonemu dzia艂aniu obu czynnik贸w (0,05 Gy + 5 mg/kg BPA). Pr贸by pobierano po 24h, 1, 4 i 8 tygodniach po zako艅czeniu ekspozycji. Niniejsze badania wykaza艂y, 偶e BPA mo偶e indukowa膰, mierzone testem kometowym, uszkodzenia DNA w limfocytach szpiku kostnego. Natomiast nie stwierdzono zmian w DNA w kom贸rkach somatycznych w膮troby. Po zastosowaniu obu czynnik贸w jednocze艣nie zaobserwowano w obu narz膮dach wi臋ksz膮 migracj臋 DNA ni偶 po podaniu samego bisfenolu A. Prawdopodobnie promieniowanie X pot臋guje genotoksyczno艣膰 BPA.The aim of study was to estimate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and combined exposure to X-rays and BPA to somatic cells of the bone marrow and liver of mice. Male mice Pzh: Sfis were irradiated with 0.05 Gy or treated with BPA (5 mg/kg mc, 10 mg/kg mc, 20 mg/kg mc) or exposed to a combination of both (0.05 Gy + 5 mg/kg BPA) for 8 weeks. Samples were taken at 24h, 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the end of exposure. Our study showed, that BPA can induce, measured by Comet assay, DNA damage in limphocytes of the bone marrow. The induction of DNA damage in somatic cells of the liver was not detected. After combined exposure to both agents a greater migration of DNA in cells of both organs than after the exposure to bisphenol A alone was observed. Probably the X-rays intensify the genotoxicity of BPA

    Induction of micronuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow reticulocytes of male mice after subchronic exposure to X-rays and bisphenol A

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    Wprowadzenie.Promieniowanie jonizuj膮ce i ksenoestrogeny wyst臋puj膮 powszechnie w 艣rodowisku cz艂owieka. Bisfenol A (BPA) u偶ywany jest podczas produkcji poliw臋glan贸w oraz 偶ywic epoksydowych, stanowi膮cych sk艂adnik m.in. soczewek do okular贸w, wype艂nie艅 dentystycznych, p艂yt CD, szyb okiennych, pokryw instrument贸w, opakowa艅 oraz pojemnik贸w na napoje, ale tak偶e wyrob贸w dla dzieci, butelek, talerzyk贸w, kubeczk贸w oraz element贸w smoczk贸w. 呕ywice epoksydowe wchodz膮 te偶 w sk艂ad pow艂ok wewn臋trznych pojemnik贸w do przechowywania 偶ywno艣ci. Promieniowanie jonizuj膮ce wykorzystywane jest m.in. w diagnostyce rentgenowskiej, terapii chor贸b nowotworowych, w przemy艣le, nauce. Cel bada艅.Celem bada艅 by艂o okre艣lenie wp艂ywu bisfenolu A, promieniowania X oraz skojarzonego dzia艂ania obu czynnik贸w na indukcj臋 mikroj膮der w retikulocytach krwi obwodowej i szpiku kostnego myszy laboratoryjnych. Materia艂 i metoda.Do艣wiadczenie prowadzono na samcach myszy Pzh: Sfis przez 8 tygodni. Zwierz臋tom podawano bisfenol A w wodzie do picia (5 mg/kg mc, 10 mg/kg mc, 20 mg/kg mc), napromieniano dawk膮 0,05 Gy promieniowania X albo poddawano skojarzonemu dzia艂aniu obu tych czynnik贸w (0,05 Gy + 5 mg/kg mc BPA). Krew z 偶y艂y ogonowej pobierano po up艂ywie 1, 4 i 8 tygodni od rozpocz臋cia ekspozycji, a szpik kostny tylko po zako艅czeniu nara偶ania. Oceniano cz臋sto艣膰 wyst臋powania mikroj膮der w retikulocytach. Wyniki. Zar贸wno bisfenol A jak i promieniowanie jonizuj膮ce stymulowa艂y indukcj臋 mikroj膮der w retikulocytach krwi obwodowej i szpiku kostnego. W nast臋pstwie napromieniania zwierz膮t promieniowaniem X indukcja mikroj膮der wzrasta艂a, podczas gdy w rezultacie podawania bisfenolu A mala艂a proporcjonalnie do czasu trwania ekspozycji.. Skojarzone dzia艂anie promieniowania jonizuj膮cego i BPA indukowa艂o wyst臋powanie mikroj膮der ze znacznie wy偶sz膮 cz臋sto艣ci膮 w por贸wnaniu do efekt贸w dzia艂ania samego BPA. Cz臋sto艣膰 wyst臋powania mikroj膮der w krwi obwodowej zwi臋ksza艂a si臋 w miar臋 up艂ywu czasu od rozpocz臋cia do艣wiadczenia. W szpiku kostnym we wszystkich grupach obserwowano znacznie ni偶sz膮 liczebno艣膰 retikulocyt贸w z mikroj膮drami ni偶 w krwi obwodowej. Wnioski. Subchroniczne nara偶enie na bisfenol A prowadzi do zmniejszenia wra偶liwo艣ci materia艂u genetycznego retikulocyt贸w na indukcj臋 uszkodze艅. Promieniowanie X jest prawdopodobnie czynnikiem decyduj膮cym o uszkodzeniu DNA w nast臋pstwie skojarzonego dzia艂ania.Background. Ionizing radiation and xenoestrogens are widely present in the human environment. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics, epoxy and polyester resins. BPA is present in a great variety of products including: baby bottles, compact disks, thermal paper, safety helmets, bullet resistant laminate, plastic windows, car parts, adhesives, protective coatings, powder paints, polycarbonate bottles and containers, the sheathing of electrical and electronic parts, dental fillings. Food and beverage cans are protected from rusting and corrosion by the application of epoxy resins as inner coatings. Human activities involving the use of radiation and radioactive materials in industry, agriculture and research cause radiation exposure in addition to natural exposure coming from cosmic rays and naturally occurring radioactive substances. Objective. The aim of the study was to estimate the effects of bisphenol A, X-rays and combined exposure to X-rays and bisphenol A on the induction of micronuclei in the peripheral blood and in bone marrow reticulocytes of laboratory mice. Material and method. Pzh-Sfis male mice were exposed for 8 weeks. Animals were treated with bisphenol A diluted in drinking water (5 mg/kg bw, 10 mg/kg bw, 20 mg/kg bw), irradiated 0.05 Gy of X-rays or exposed to a combination of both (0.05 Gy + 5 mg/kg bw BPA). The samples of peripheral blood were taken at 1, 4 and 8 week following the start of exposure, whereas the bone marrow after the end of experiment, only. The induction of micronuclei in reticulocytes were evaluated by using fluorescence microscope. Results. Bisphenol A as well as ionizing radiation stimulated induction of micronuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow reticulocytes. After the irradiation the level of micronuclei increased, whereas after exposure to BPA decreased related to time expired from beginning of experiment. Combined exposure of ionizing radiation and bisphenol A induced significantly higher frequency of micronuclei compared to the effect produced by BPA alone. The frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood reticulocytes increased during the experiment. In all groups, the significantly lower induction of micronuclei in reticulocytes of bone marrow than of peripheral blood were observed. The levels of micronuclei in mice exposed to a combination of X-rays and BPA or to irradiation alone were slightly higher compared to those administered to BPA alone. Conclusions. Bisphenol A induced micronuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow reticulocytes. Subchronic BPA exposure leads to diminished sensitivity of genetic material of reticulocytes on the induction of damage. X-rays is probably the agent which decided about DNA damage following combined exposure
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