Nonlocal interactions and quantum dynamics

The problem is considered of describing the dynamics of quantum systems generated by a nonlocal in time interaction. It is shown that the use of the Feynman approach to quantum theory in combination with the canonical approach allows one to extend quantum dynamics to describe the time evolution in the case of such interactions. In this way, using only the current concepts of quantum theory, a generalized equation of motion for state vectors is derived. In the case, where the fundamental interaction generating the dynamics in a system is local in time, this equation is equivalent to the Schr{\"o}dinger equation. Explicit examples are given for an exactly solvable model. The proposed formalism is shown to provide a new insight into the problem of the description of nonlocal interactions in quantum field theory. It is shown that such a property of the equation of motion as nonlocality in time may be important for describing hadron-hadron interactions at low and intermediate energies

Effect of NO Synthase Blockade on NO Production in Rat Heart under Conditions of Hypokinesia

© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York. Electron paramagnetic (EPR) spectroscopy study showed that 90-day hypokinesia in rats is accompanied by an increase in NO production in the heart. A nonselective NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME decreased the content of NO in the heart atria and ventricles of hypokinetic rats by 67-70%. A selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, aminoguanidine, also decreased the level of NO in the heart atria and ventricles of hypokinetic rats by 60-65%. Our results indicate that the increase in NO production during hypokinesia is associated with activation of NO synthases

Some possible techniques for improving the strength characteristics of folded cores from sheet composite materials

We consider some general problems of improving the strength characteristics of folded cores as well as the corresponding techniques for modifying the core material polymer surfaces with the use of nanotechnologies and the "mass-strength" criteria. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2009

Influence of Nonspecific Inhibitor of NO-Synthase L-NAME on Electric Characteristics of Premotor Interneurons of Terrestrial Snails

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. It has been found that the application of nonspecific inhibitor of NO-synthase L-NAME caused the depolarization shift of the membrane potential of premotor interneurons of defensive behavior of terrestrial snails. This effect is opposite to hyperpolarization shift of the membrane potential caused by the action of the nitric oxide donor—sodium nitroprusside

Impairing of Serotonin synthesis by P-Chlorphenylanine prevents the forgetting of contextual memory after reminder and the protein synthesis inhibition

© 2018 Deryabina, Muranova, Andrianov and Gainutdinov. HIGHLIGHTS • The injection of p-chlorophenylalanine, specific blocker of 5-HT synthesis 3 days before reminder with anisomycin administration prevented forgetting. It is known that the reminder cause reactivation of the long-term memory and it leads to reconsolidation of memory. We showed earlier that the disruption of the reconsolidation of contextual memory in terrestrial snail was caused by anisomycin, the inhibitor of protein syntheses (Gainutdinova et al., 2005; Balaban et al., 2014). In this paper we investigated the possible changes of the memory reconsolidation under the conditions of serotonin deficit, caused by administration of p-chlorophenylalanine, the inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase synthesis (intermediate stage of the synthesis of serotonin). It was shown that the forgetting process for contextual memory after reminder and inhibition of protein synthesis did not occur if the serotonin transmission in nervous system was impaired. This effect was significantly different from the direct action of anisomycin, which blocked the reconsolidation of contextual memory. We concluded that the serotonin system was included to the process of memory reconsolidation

Influence of a Nitric Oxide Donor on Electrical Characteristics of the Premotor Interneurons of Terrestrial Snails

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.It has been found that application of a nitric oxide donor—the sodium nitroprusside—causes the hyperpolarization shift of the membrane potential of the premotor interneurons of defensive behavior of terrestrial snails. It is assumed that the response of a neuron to NO depends on its location in the neural network

Effects of NO Donors and Inhibitors of NO Synthase and Guanylate Cyclase on the Acquisition of a Conditioned Defense Food Aversion Response in Edible Snails

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Experiments on edible snails revealed that NO synthase blockade with a nonspecific neuronal NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME before defense food aversion conditioning is followed by a decrease in the rate of learning. Exogenous NO donors, sodium nitroprusside and dinitrosyl iron complex, were shown to improve learning. Chronic administration of a specific soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ also increased the rate of learning. Our results indicate that NO has a modulatory effect on the formation of a conditioned response in this type of learning

The effects of changes in extracellular calcium concentrations on the electrical properties of command neurons after acquisition of a defensive conditioned reflex in snails

Studies of the electrical characteristics of the command neurons of a defensive reflex showed that the membrane potential showed no significant changes in response to changes in the calcium concentration in the perfusing solution in either intact or trained snails. Increases in the calcium ion concentration in intact snails were accompanied by increases in the threshold potential, from 14 ± 0.7 mV at 2.5 mM Ca2+ to 21.8 ± 0.9 mV at 20 mM Ca2+. The threshold potential in trained snails decreased in response to both increases and decreases in calcium concentrations, from 16.8 ± 0.6 mV (physiological saline containing 10 mM Ca2+) to 13.3 ± 0.6 mV at 20 mM Ca2+ and 11.8 ± 0.8 mV at 2.5 mM Ca2+. The critical depolarization level changed correspondingly: in intact snails, this decreased with increases in calcium concentration, while in trained snails it increased in response to both increases and decreases in the calcium concentration. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc