Nutritional Status of Tetralogy of Fallot Patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung

Background: Undernutrition is common in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), especially in developing countries including Indonesia. The objective of the study was to describe the nutritional status of children patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using 41 medical records of children aged 0–14 years old with Tetralogy of Fallot that visited pediatric outpatient department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in period of January to December 2013. The variable was anthropometric measurement, namely weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age. These anthropometric data were analyzed using statistics software, WHO Anthro, and WHO AnthroPlus and were classified based on nutritional status according to WHO. The collected data were displayed in percentage.Results: There were more boys (60.98%) who had Tetralogy of Fallot compared to girls (39.02%). The percentage of undernutrition was 39.02% with 43.75% in 5–14 year old children. The percentage of stunting was 70.73% with 72% in 0–5 year old children. Meanwhile, the percentage of underweight was 52% in children aged 0–5 years old.Conclusions: The percentage of undernourished children with Tetralogy of Fallot is quiet high. Undernutrition occurs more often in 5–14 year old children, while stunting occurs more often in 0–5 year old children. [AMJ.2016;3(2):298–303]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n2.78

Enteric Pathogen Bacteria in Non-Broiler Chicken Egg Shells from Traditional Market and Supermarket, Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java

Background: Around 1.5 million of children dying annually due to diarrhea. Contaminated food is one of the sources of the diarrhea incidence (food borne diseases). Eggs are one of the least expensive forms of protein which is affordable by the community and is easily to find in either traditional or modern market/supermarkets.The objective of this study was to identify enteropathogenic bacteria contamination on non-broiler (ayam kampung) egg shell and to compare the findings between eggs sold in traditional and modern markets.Methods: This was a descriptive study performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. A total of 40 eggs were used, 20 from two traditional markets and 20 from two modern markets. The eggs were swabbed using saline, dipped in tryptic soy broth and streaked on Mac Conkey agar. The collected data were analyzed and presented in tables.Results: Out of 40 samples, there were 19 positive cultures found from the traditional market and 16 from the modern market. There were 30 pink colonies indicating that they were lactose fermented, 5 transparent colonies indicated non-lactose fermentation, 4 showed no colony growth, and 1 grew an unidentified colony. The most found bacteria were Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp. in both market. Conclusions: Eggs shells from traditional and modern markets are contaminated with Enteropathogenic microbes. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.48

Enteric Pathogen Bacteria in Non-Broiler Chicken Egg Shells from Traditional Market and Supermarket, Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java

Background: Around 1.5 million of children dying annually due to diarrhea. Contaminated food is one of the sources of the diarrhea incidence (food borne diseases). Eggs are one of the least expensive forms of protein which is affordable by the community and is easily to find in either traditional or modern market/supermarkets.The objective of this study was to identify enteropathogenic bacteria contamination on non-broiler (ayam kampung) egg shell and to compare the findings between eggs sold in traditional and modern markets.Methods: This was a descriptive study performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. A total of 40 eggs were used, 20 from two traditional markets and 20 from two modern markets. The eggs were swabbed using saline, dipped in tryptic soy broth and streaked on Mac Conkey agar. The collected data were analyzed and presented in tables.Results: Out of 40 samples, there were 19 positive cultures found from the traditional market and 16 from the modern market. There were 30 pink colonies indicating that they were lactose fermented, 5 transparent colonies indicated non-lactose fermentation, 4 showed no colony growth, and 1 grew an unidentified colony. The most found bacteria were Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp. in both market. Conclusions: Eggs shells from traditional and modern markets are contaminated with Enteropathogenic microbes. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.48

Antioxidant Effects of Red Fruit Oil on MMP-1 Gene Expression and Malondialdehyde Levels on Skin Exposed to UVB Rays

Background: Chronic exposure ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Furthermore, ROS will induce the formation of malondialdehyde and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression. One strategy against the free radicals effects is by consuming antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the antioxidants effect of red fruit oil (RFO) on MMP-1 expression and malondialdehyde levels due to exposure to UVB rays.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The P0 group was not given treatment, the P1 group was only exposed to UVB light, the P2 group was exposed to UVB light and given 0.5 mL/200 g body weight (BW) of RFO, the P3 group was exposed to UVB light and given 1 mL/200 g BW of RFO, and group P4 exposed to UVB rays and given 2 mL/200 g BW of RFO. Experimental animals would be examined for MMP-1 expression and malondialdehyde level. RFO would be identified with β-carotene and tocopherol content.Results: Beta-carotene and tocopherol were detected in RFO. RFO reduced significantly MMP-1 expression (p0.05).Conclusion: Our research demonstrates RFO containing tocopherol and β-carotene can reduce the MMP-1 expression, but does not affect malondialdehyde levels due to exposure to UVB rays. An effective dose that can reduce malondialdehyde levels and MMP-1 expression is 1 mL/200 g BW.Keywords: red fruit oil, antioxidant, skin, MMP-1 expression, malondialdehyde, UVB rays, photoaging

Nutritional Status of Tetralogy of Fallot Patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung

Background: Undernutrition is common in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), especially in developing countries including Indonesia. The objective of the study was to describe the nutritional status of children patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using 41 medical records of children aged 0–14 years old with Tetralogy of Fallot that visited pediatric outpatient department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in period of January to December 2013. The variable was anthropometric measurement, namely weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age. These anthropometric data were analyzed using statistics software, WHO Anthro, and WHO AnthroPlus and were classified based on nutritional status according to WHO. The collected data were displayed in percentage.Results: There were more boys (60.98%) who had Tetralogy of Fallot compared to girls (39.02%). The percentage of undernutrition was 39.02% with 43.75% in 5–14 year old children. The percentage of stunting was 70.73% with 72% in 0–5 year old children. Meanwhile, the percentage of underweight was 52% in children aged 0–5 years old.Conclusions: The percentage of undernourished children with Tetralogy of Fallot is quiet high. Undernutrition occurs more often in 5–14 year old children, while stunting occurs more often in 0–5 year old children. [AMJ.2016;3(2):298–303]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n2.78

Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Stroke Patients: Assessment by Body Mass Index and Subjective Global Assessment Method

Background: Stroke is a disease with a high mortality rate and common cause of disability. Nutritional factors are strongly associated with this disease. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients increases the incidence of complications, prolonged the length of stay and also the cost of hospitalization. Furthermore, nutritional status of stroke patients can deteriorate during hospitalization. The prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized stroke patients is about 6% to 62%. The objective of this study was to identify  the nutritional status of hospitalized stroke patient.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Population of the study was hospitalized stroke patients at Neurology Ward, Kemuning Building Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from August until October 2014 who meet the inclusion criteria. Nutritional status was measured objectively using Body Mass Index (BMI) and subjectively using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) method. The collected data were processed using  frequency tabulation and percentage.Results: Twenty six hospitalized stroke patients were included in this study. The hospitalized patients with normal BMI were about 12 people (46.15%), 8 people were overweight (30.77%), 4 people were undernourished (15.39%) and 2 people (7.69%) were obese. According to SGA measurement, approximately 18 people (69.22%) were moderately malnourished, and as much as 4 people (15.39%) were in good nutrition, whereas 4 people (15.39%) were severely malnourished.Conclusions: Majority of the hospitalized stroke patients has normal BMI and moderately malnourished based on SGA. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.109

Association of Chest X-Rays Features with the Length of Stay in Suspected COVID-19 Status

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of respiratory infection that first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China. COVID-19 is caused by a new variant of virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Examining the chest x-rays is one technique to diagnose COVID-19. This study aims to determine the association of chest x-rays features in suspected COVID-19 patients with the length of stay at Al-Ihsan Regional General Hospital West Java Province and Banten Regional General Hospital in June–November 2020. The subject was 29 COVID-19 people were confirmed, whereas 31 people were not. The statistical analysis used Pearson correlation and multi-linear regression. This study found that tuberculosis had a strong association with length of stay (p value=0.048, association=0.4), and also there is a robust association between bilateral pneumonia and duration of stay (p value=0.028, association=0.873). A linear regression model discovery of TB chest x-rays on the subject raises the treatment by 0.5867 days. In addition, the discovery of bilateral pneumonia increases the length of stay of treatment by 0.32218 days more than the discovery of unilateral pneumonia. In general, tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, and bilateral pneumonia together affected the outcome of length of stay of patients with suspected COVID-19.   ASOSIASI GAMBARAN RONTGEN TORAKS DENGAN LAMA RAWAT PADA PASIEN SUSPEK COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah jenis infeksi saluran pernapasan baru yang pertama kali mewabah pada Desember 2019 di Wuhan, Hubei, Cina. COVID-19 disebabkan oleh varian virus baru yang disebut severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pemeriksaan rontgen toraks merupakan salah satu teknik mendiagnosis COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui asosiasi gambaran rontgent toraks pada pasien suspek COVID-19 dengan lama rawat inap di RSUD Al-Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat dan RSUD Banten pada Juni–November 2020. Subjek penelitian adalah 29 orang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dan 31 orang tidak. Analisis statistik menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan regresi multilinier. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tuberkulosis memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan lama perawatan (p=0,048; asosiasi=0,4) dan juga terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara pneumonia bilateral dan lama perawatan (p=0,028; asosiasi=0,873). Penemuan model regresi linier rontgent toraks TB pada subjek meningkatkan risiko perawatan 0,5867 hari lebih lama. Selain itu, penemuan pneumonia bilateral meningkatkan risiko perawatan 0,32218 hari lebih lama dibanding dengan penemuan pneumonia unilateral. Secara umum, tuberkulosis, pneumonia bakteri, pneumonia viral, dan pneumonia bilateral secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap luaran lama rawat inap pasien suspek COVID-19

Hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan karakteristik ibu tentang ASI eksklusif terhadap status gizi bayi

Exclusive breastfeeding is very beneficial for babies. The impact is not given exclusive breastfeeding could be increased morbidity and mortality, nutritional problems, impaired child growth, loss generation, increase the burden of family and state expenditures for the expenditure of formula milk and much more. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and characteristics of mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding with infant nutritional status. This study used a quantitative method with analytic observational design with a case control.. The study was conducted by 110 mothers who had babies aged 6-12 months in the Cibangkong Bandung village. It was consisting of 55 mothers who had babies with nutritional problems and 55 mothers who had babies with normal nutritional status. Data retrieval used a questionnaire. Assessment of nutritional status used the standard WHO child growth standards. The sample was taken by simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using logistic regression test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p= 0,006), and exclusive breastfeeding behavior (p= 0,013) with the nutritional status of the baby. In addition, maternal characteristics had an effect  of 4,3 times to age and parity in the nutritional status of infants. By knowing the relationship between knowledge factors, attitudes, behaviors and characteristics of mothers with infant nutritional status, it is expected to have leverage to improve the nutritional status of infants. ASI eksklusif sangat bermanfaat bagi bayi, dampak yang dapat terjadi apabila bayi tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif adalah meningkatnya angka kesakitan dan kematian bayi, masalah gizi, gangguan tumbuh kembang anak, terjadinya loss generation, meningkatkan beban pengeluaran keluarga serta negara untuk  pengeluaran susu formula dan masih banyak lagi.  Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan karakteristik Ibu terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan status gizi bayi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain observasional secara kasus kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan 110  ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan di kelurahan Cibangkong Bandung yang terdiri dari 55 ibu yang memiliki bayi dengan masalah gizi dan 55 ibu yang memiliki bayi dengan status gizi normal.  Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Penilaian status gizi menggunakan standar WHO child growth standards. Sampel diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Regresi logistik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan (p= 0,006), dan  perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif (p=0,013) dengan status gizi bayi.  Selain itu, karakteristik ibu yaitu umur dan paritas berpengaruh sebesar 4,3 kali dalam status gizi bayi. Dengan diketahuinya hubungan faktor pegetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan karakteristik ibu dengan status gizi bayi, diharapkan mempunyai daya ungkit terhadap peningkatan status gizi bayi

Status gizi, asupan energi, dan serat sebagai faktor risiko kardiometabolik pada remaja pendek

Background: Prevalence of stunted adolescents is important because related with the cardiometabolic risk factor. Control of risk factors reduces the comorbidity including body mass index (BMI) control. Improvement of environmental factors such as energy and fiber intake contribute to reducing disease risk. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of a stunted adolescent with BMI, energy and fiber intake. Method: This study used cross-sectional design. The subject consisted of early adolescents with 10 to 14 years old in Jatinangor district, West Java. Determination of short stature and BMI refers to the WHO Growth Chart 2005. Data collection by the measure of height, weight, BMI calculation, and interviewed food intake by 3x24 hour food recall and analyzed with Nutrisurvey program. Statistical analysis by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 212 participants (106 stunted and 106 non-stunted) were enrolled. The proportion of stunted girls is 58 (54,9%) and stunted boys 48 (45,1%). Average of BMI in stunted is 17,15 (2,59) kg/m2 and 18,38 (3,33) kg/m2 in non-stunted, energy intake is 1.488,83 (513,52)kcal in stunted and 1.704,32 (663,49) in non-stunted,  fiber intake is 4,36 (1,18) g in stunted and  4,53 (2,15) g in non stunted. There are significant differences in all variables between stunted and non-stunted with a p value for BMI 0,017, in energy intake 0,034 and fiber intake 0,032. BMI showed the correlation with disease risk. including cardiometabolic diseases in stunting. Energy intake and low fiber in growth age increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases because in stunting have a low metabolic adaptation in protein synthesis and fat oxidation. Conclusion: The study shows there is a difference between BMI, energy intake and fiber in the stunted adolescent and non-stunted adolescent. Further research needs to analyze another risk fctor and intervention to improve nutrition status and metabolic condition

Mixed Juice Consumption During Labor to the Mother's Blood Lactate Levels

Maternal nutritional needs aim to prevent fatigue marked by lactate accumulation. Mix juice is made for the needs of the mother's energy quickly and reduces the accumulation of lactate. The objective of this study was to find out the influence of mix juice during labor to the mother's blood lactate levels. This study used a randomized controlled trial pretest-posttest group design. This research was carried out at the Pelayanan Obstetri Neonatal Emergensi Dasar/PONED (Basic Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care/BEONC) Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Garuda, Puter, Pagarsih, Padasuka, and Ibrahim Aji in Bandung city in March–April 2017. The population was all mothers who gave birth in Bandung. Sampling was carried out randomization, the number of samples of 60 people in treatment and control group. The treatment group received mix juice during labor, while the control group was free to eat and drink. The result was analyzed using comparative-numerical categorical analysis test, and the mean difference was analyzed using unpaired t test. The results showed the average increased in blood lactate levels in the treatment group (1.9 mmol/L) was lower than in the control group (4.0 mmol/L). Statistically, there was a significant difference in elevated blood lactate levels after intervention between the treatment and control group. Mothers who did not receive the mix juice in labor have a risk of elevated blood lactate levels 4 times higher than the mothers who received the mix juice. Conclusion, giving mix juice to the labor process affects the prevention of maternal blood lactate levels.   KONSUMSI MINUMAN MIX JUICE PADA PERSALINAN UNTUK KADAR LAKTAT DARAH IBU Kebutuhan nutrisi ibu bersalin bertujuan mencegah kelelahan yang ditandai dengan akumulasi laktat. Mix juice dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi ibu bersalin secara cepat dan mengurangi penumpukan laktat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian mix juice terhadap kadar laktat darah ibu. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain randomized controlled trial pretest-posttest group. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Pelayanan Obstetri Neonatal Emergensi Dasar (PONED) Garuda, Puter, Pagarsih, Padasuka, dan Ibrahim Aji di Kota Bandung pada Maret–April 2017. Populasi penelitian adalah semua ibu yang akan melahirkan di Kota Bandung. Penarikan sampel dilakukan secara acak yang berjumlah 60 orang pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan mix juice selama persalinan, sedangkan kelompok kontrol dibebaskan untuk makan dan minum. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis komparatif kategorik numerik dan perbedaan rerata dianalisis menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rerata kenaikan kadar laktat darah pada kelompok perlakuan (1,9 mmol/L) lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol (4,0 mmol/L). Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam kenaikan kadar laktat darah setelah intervensi antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Ibu yang tidak mendapatkan mix juice pada persalinan memiliki risiko kenaikan kadar laktat darah 4 kali lebih tinggi dibanding dengan ibu yang mendapatkan mix juice pada persalinan. Simpulan, pemberian mix juice pada proses persalinan berpengaruh terhadap pencegahan peningkatan kadar laktat darah ibu