9 research outputs found
A Low-Cost, High Energy-Density Lead/Acid Battery
Lightweight plastic grids for lead/acid battery plates have been prepared from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer. The grids
have been coated with a conductive and corrosion-resistant tin oxide layer by a novel rapid thermally activated chemical reaction
process. X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show the coated tin oxide film to be SnO2-like. The grids
are about 75% lighter than conventional lead/acid battery grids. A 6 V/1 Ah lead/acid battery has been assembled and characterized
employing positive and negative plates made from these grids. The energy density of such a lead/acid battery is believed to be
more than 50 Wh/kg
A low-cost lead-acid battery with high specific-energy
Lightweight grids for lead-acid battery grids have been prepared from acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) copolymer followed by coating with lead. Subsequently, the grids have been electrochemically
coated with a conductive and corrosion-resistant layer of polyaniline. These grids are about
75% lighter than those employed in conventional lead-acid batteries. Commercial-grade 6V/3×5Ah (C20-rate)
lead-acid batteries have been assembled and characterized employing positive and negative plates constituting
these grids. The specific energy of such a lead-acid battery is about 50 Wh/kg. The batteries can
withstand fast charge–discharge duty cycles
Lead-acid battery with high specific energy
An electrochemical method of manufacturing a corrosion resistant grid structure used in a lead-acid battery, said method comprising coating of substrate material such as herein described, with a metal layer of copper or nickel and a subsequent layer of lead/lead alloy followed by the electrodeposition of an organic material such as polyaniline and similar other organic material, over the above said lead/lead alloy layer by using an electrolyte such as oxalic acid to obtain a corrosion resistant grid structure used in a lead-acid battery
Lead-acid batteries for partial-state-of-charge applications
2 V/40 Ah valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) cells have been constructed with negative plates employing
carbon black aswell as an admixture of carbon black + fumed silica as additives in negative active material
for partial-state-of-charge (PSoC) applications. Electrical performance of such cells is compared with conventional
2 V/40 Ah VRLA cells for PSoC operation. Active material utilization has been found to be higher
for carbon-black + fumed-silica mixed negative plates while formation is faster for cells with carbon-black
mixed negative plates. Both faradaic efficiency and percentage capacity delivered have been found to be
higher for cells with carbon-black + fumed-silica mixed negative plates. However, a high self-discharge
rate is observed for cells with carbon-black + fumed-silica mixed negative plates
Lead-acid cells with polyaniline-coated negative plates
Positive- and negative-limited lead-acid cells with conventional and polyaniline (PANI)-coated negative plates were assembled and tested at varying discharge rates. The cells with PANI-coated negative plates exhibit lower
impedance in relation to conventional cells and sustain higher discharge-rates with lesser loss in capacity during
prolonged charge–discharge cycling as compared to conventional cells. It is suggested that PANI-coated negative plates are beneficial in designing lead-acid batteries operating at partial-state-of-charge
Improved lead–acid cells employing tin oxide coated Dynel fibres with positive active-material
A rapid-thermally-activated chemical reaction process has been employed to coat tin oxide onto Dynel fibres.
Positive-limited 2 V/1.5 Ah lead-acid cells employing tin-oxide coated Dynel fibres as additive to positive active
mass have been assembled and characterized under various operational conditions. In this manner, it has been
possible to improve the positive active material utilization and particularly at higher discharge rates
Comparative study of lead-acid batteries for photovoltaic standalone lighting systems
The lead-acid battery is often the weakest link
in photovoltaic (PV) installations. Accordingly, various
versions of lead-acid batteries, namely flooded, gelled,
absorbent glass-mat and hybrid, have been assembled and
performance tested for a PV stand-alone lighting system.
The study suggests the hybrid VRLA batteries, which
exhibit both the high power density of absorbent glass-mat
design and the improved thermal properties of the gel
design, to be appropriate for such an application. Among
the VRLA-type batteries studied here water loss for the
hybrid VRLA batteries is minimal and charge-acceptance
during the service at high temperatures is better in relation
to their AGM counterparts
High Specific-Energy Lead-Acid Batteries Through Organic Metals
A novel room-temperature route to corrosion protect lead-coated plastic grids with an organic metal, namely, polyaniline, for
producing commercial-grade high specific-energy 12 V/45 Ah lead-acid batteries is reported. The specific energy of these leadacid
batteries is found to be ca. 45 Wh/kg as against about 30 Wh/kg for conventional lead-acid batteries. It is believed that the
study reported here will open up a new realm of possibilities for lead-acid battery development, and will contribute directly
towards lowering the cost of both battery materials and manufacturing