Safe Methods of Radioactive Waste Utilization

Изложены результаты исследований утилизации радиоактивных отходов в атомной промышленности и, в частности, отверждения жидких радиоактивных отходов низкого и среднего уровней активности. Для твердых радиоактивных отходов рассмотрены технические средства и организационные мероприятия по безопасному хранению. Установлены и обоснованы допустимые объемы ТРО для пункта хранения в целом и каждого хранилища в отдельности, их радионуклидный состав, допустимая суммарная и удельная активность и сроки хранения. Приведены методика и экспериментальные результаты измерения мощности эквивалентной дозы в контейнере с делящимися материаламиThe results studies of radioactive waste utilization, and the nuclear industry in particular, solidification of liquid radioactive waste of low and medium activity levels. For solid waste, consider the technical means and organizational measures for safe storage. Established and justified allowable the volumes of solid radioactive waste storage the item as a whole and each vault separately, their radionuclide composition, and aggregate allowable specific activity and periods of storage. The method and the experimental results of measuring the power of equivalent dose in the container containing fissile materia

Modeling educational process optimization in the development of individual creativity by extending modality skills of the learners

В статті розглянута модель оптимізації освітнього процесу щодо часового ресурсу для розвитку креативності у процесі засвоєння навчальних дисциплін особами, що навчаються. Розвиток креативності передбачається завдяки розширенню психофізіологічного базиса особи, яка навчається, тобто завдяки максимальній різноманітності модальності навчальних сигналів. Задача оптимізації розв’язана у загальному випадку при побудові моделі на основі інформаційних станів у відповідності з принципами синергії форм інформаційного забезпечення освітнього процесу і оптимального балансу часового ресурсу та мінімально необхідного для значного підвищення рівня розвитку креативності осіб, що навчаються. Розв’язок оптимізації дозволяє оцінити різноманітність модальності навчальних сигналів навчальнометодичного забезпечення, їх повноту в рамках навчального модуля, знайти варіанти використання часового ресурсу під час використання різних форм і методів педагогічного впливу у навчальному процесі.In the paper, model for time optimization of educational process for the purposes of creativity enhancement in the course of learning by students of educational subjects is considered. Creativity enhancement is supposed to be achieved by means of expansion of trainee psycho physiological base, that is, by means of the maximum variety of educational signals modality. The optimization problem is solved in general by creation of the model based on information states and according to the principles of forms synergy for information support of educational process and optimum time balance minimum necessary for significant increase of trainee creativity. The solution of optimization problem makes it possible to estimate a variety of educational signals modality for educational and methodical guidelines, their completeness within the educational module, to find variants of time budget for various pedagogic forms and methods for application in educational process.В статье рассмотрена модель оптимизации образовательного процесса по временному ресурсу для целей развития креативности в процессе освоения обучающимися учебных дисциплин. Направление развития креативности предполагается через расширение психофизиологического базиса обучаемого, то есть посредством максимального разнообразия модальности учебных сигналов. Задача оптимизации решена в общем виде при построении модели на основе информационных состояний в соответствии с принципами синергии форм информационного обеспечения образовательного процесса и оптимального баланса временного ресурса и минимально необходимого для значимого повышения уровня развития креативности обучаемых. Решение оптимизации позволяет оценить разнообразие модальности учебных сигналов учебно-методического обеспечения, их полноту в рамках учебного модуля, найти варианты использования временного ресурса при применении различных форм и методов педагогического воздействия в учебном процессе

Tatar language non-derivative verbs in historical perspective

The article deals with structure of modern non-derivative verbs of Tatar language and describes reasons of historically derivative words conversion into non-derivative ones. The authors have highlighted the fact that it is a historical tradition that in Turkic languages only monosyllabic verbs are really root, and disyllabic and trisyllabic verbs are the result of complication of monosyllabic ones. The article involves using of methods of external and internal reconstruction, comparative and relative comparative methods, and also etymological, word-formative and morphemic analysis. In the course of language evolution derived stems components lost their initial meaning and combined into an integral whole. In some cases the first or the second component lost its meaning, and in other cases both ones lost their meanings. Tatar language has lots of affixes which are an integral part of a stem, and nowadays these morphemes do not exist individually. Analysis of Tatar active lexicon has allowed to draw the conclusion that derivative words conversion into non-derivative ones is explained by such changes as de-etymologization and substitution. Despite the fact that de-etymologization is characteristic of inflectional languages, in agglutinative Tatar language de-etymologization affects etymologically composite words. The authors found several reasons of de-etymologization: archaization of a word and complete death of a root; death of an affix, phonetic changes connected with it, and also cases of semantic de-etymologization. Upon analysis the authors found that in the course of substitution morphemic structure of words was preserved. Tatar language distinguishes itself due to some morphogenetic affixes transition into word-formative affixes composition. Owing to etymologic analysis, the authors has drawn the conclusion that monosyllableness of verb roots in Turkic languages is confirmed by Tatar language too. Nonderivative disyllabic and trisyllabic verbs are historically derivative words composed with affixes and independent roots. Nowadays they are considered to be indecomposable lexical units. System analysis of Tatar language indecomposable verbs allowed to reveal historical and modern word structure, and also to demonstrate evolution of individual affixal elements in the language. It has been found that studied phenomena date back to different chronological stages of structural grammatical changes of the language. Full de-etymologization is older. The research results will be useful for relative comparative study of languages, for finding of initial roots of Turkic languages

The effect of the neural activity on topological properties of growing neural networks

© 2016 World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd.The connectivity structure in cortical networks defines how information is transmitted and processed, and it is a source of the complex spatiotemporal patterns of network’s development, and the process of creation and deletion of connections is continuous in the whole life of the organism. In this paper, we study how neural activity influences to the growth process in neural networks. By using a two-dimensional activity-dependent growth model we demonstrated the neural network growth process from disconnected neurons to fully connected networks. For making quantitative investigation of the network’s activity influence on its topological properties we compared it with the random growth network not depending on network’s activity. By using the random graphs theory methods for the analysis of the network’s connections structure it is shown that the growth in neural networks results in the formation of a well-known “small-world” network

The influence of social support on risk of acute cardiovascular diseases in female population aged 25–64 in Russia

Objective. To study the prevalence of social support (SS) and its influence on the relative risk (RR) of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in the female population aged 25–64 in Russia. Materials and methods. Under the third screening of the WHO “MONICA-psychosocial” programme, a random representative sample of women aged 25–64 (n=870) were surveyed in Novosibirsk. SS was measured according to the methods of the Berkman–Sym test [indices of close contacts (ICC) and index of social network (SNI)]. From 1995 to 2010, women were followed for 16 years to observe the incidence of MI and stroke. Results. The prevalence of low levels of ICC and SNI in women aged 25–64 was 57.1 and 77.7%, respectively. Low levels of ICC and SNI were associated with poor self-rated health and awareness about their health, adverse behavioural habits, high job strain and family stress. Rates of MI and stroke development were higher in married women with low ICC and SNI who were being in class “hard manual work”. Over a 16-year study period, the RR of MI in women with low ICC compared to those with high ICC was 4.9 times higher, and the risk of stroke was 4.1 times higher. Low level of SNI increased MI risk in 2.9 times, risk of stroke in 2.7 times. Conclusions. Majority of women aged 25–64 years in Russia have low social support which is associated with poor self-rated health, low awareness about the health that increases the risk of MI and stroke in 2.7–4.9 times in groups of “married” and “hard physical work”

Biological Determinants of Hostility

Our aim was to study the association of hostility with the DRD4, DAT, MAOA genes in an open male population of 25–64 years old. A representative sample of men aged 25–64 years (n = 657 men, average age 44.3 ± 0.4 years) was examined in 1994–1995 and 45–64 years old (n = 781 men, average age - 56.48 ± 0.2 years) in 2003–2005 using the methods proposed by the WHO international program “MONICA-psychosocial” and “HAPIEE”. All respondents completed the hostility questionnaire on their own. Genotyping of the DRD4, DAT and MAOA gene polymorphisms was carried out. It was established that the level of hostility in the male population was 76.9% in the group of 25–64 years old and 60.3% in the group of 45–64 years old. Genotypes 4/6, 4/7 of the DRD4 gene are reliably associated with a high level of hostility; the genotype 4/4 of the DRD4 gene is associated with an average and lower level of hostility. There was no association of individual genotypes and VNTR alleles of DAT gene polymorphism with different levels of hostility. It was found that among individuals with low-active alleles of the MAOA-L gene (alleles 2 and 3), a high level of hostility was more common - 50.9%. The results of constructing a logistic regression model showed that the presence of low-active alleles (2; 3) of the MAOA gene increases the likelihood of hostility OR = 2.103 (95% CI 1.137–3.889, p = 0.018). Based on the received data we can assume that the long alleles of the DRD4 gene and the low-level allele of the MAOA-L gene are associated with hostility

Dynamics of sleep duration (2003-2018) and the risk of myocardial infarction in an open population aged 45-64 years in Russia/Siberia

Aim. To determine the dynamics and impact of sleep duration in 2003-2018 on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in an open population aged 45-64 years in Novosibirsk.Material and methods. The study included representative samples of the population aged 45-64 years, obtained as part of the screening IV in 2003-2005 (men, 576; mean age, 54,23±0,2 years; response rate, 61%; women, 1074; mean age, 54,27+0,2 years; response rate, 72%) and screening VI in 2015-2018 (men, n=275; mean age, 49±0,4 years; response, 72%; women, n=390; mean age, 45±0,4 years; response rate, 75%). Screenings were carried out according to the standard protocol of the WHO MONICA-psychosocial Program (MOPSY). The Jenkins Questionnaire was used to assess sleep duration and disturbances.Results. For the period from 2003-2005 to 2015-2018, we revealed decrease in the number of following people: with 7 hours of sleep at night from 44,9% to 31,9%; with 8 hours of sleep from 28,5% to 24,4%. In addition, the number of participants with ≤5 hours of sleep increased from 4,9% to 9,9%, while those with ≤6 hours — from 16,2% to 27,2%, as well as the number of people sleeping 9 hours a day (from 3,7% to 5,4%). In 2003-2005, among the population in the age group of 55- 64 years, 7-hour sleep was observed more often (45б1%); 6-hour sleep prevailed in the group of people aged 45-54 (18,9%). There were no significant differences between the duration of sleep and the age group according to screening VI in 2015- 2018. Among men, 6-hour sleep were observed more often (38.4%), and among women — 7 hours (37,3%). Those who sleep 7 hours a night were more likely to consider their sleep “good” (35,3%) in 2015-2018. In a population of 45-64 years old, over a 14-year period, the risk of MI was higher as follows: 1. in men with 5-6 hours of sleep than with 7-8 hours of sleep at night by 1,689 times (95% confidence interval (CI), 1,124-2,537 p<0,012); in men aged 45-54 years by 2,416 times (95% CI, 1,311-4,452; p<0,005), respectively; 2. in women with 5-6 hours of sleep by 1,591 times (95% CI, 1,058-2,392; p<0,026) compared with 7-8-hour duration of sleep. In the 45-54 year group, the risk of MI was higher among women with 9-10 hours of sleep a night by 4,44 times (95% CI, 2,726-20,309; p<0,0001) compared with women who had 7-8 hours of sleep at night.Conclusion. We revealed that over the period of 2003-2018, the duration of night sleep of 7-8 hours among the population aged 45-64 years (without cardiovascular diseases) decreased both among men and women. At the same time, the “good” quality of sleep was more often found in people with 7-hour sleep. It was determined that short sleep duration was associated with MI among men and women, and long sleep duration turned out to be a risk factor for MI for women in the group of 45-54 years

Biological Determinants of Sleep Disorders

The purpose of the study is to research the effect of polymorphism of genes such as CLOCK, ARNTL, PER2, NPAS2, DRD4, DAT, TNF-α, and NPSR1 on sleep disorders in an open population of 25–64-year-old men. We conducted screening studies of representative samples of men aged 25–64 years. The general examination was carried out according to the standard methods included in the WHO MONICA-Psychosocial Program (MOPSY). Carriers of the C/T genotype of the CLOCK gene more often than others reported having “satisfactory” or “poor” sleep. Carriers of the C/T genotype of the ARNTL gene were more likely to experience anxiety dreams, and they woke up exhausted. Carriers of the A/A genotype of the PER2 gene were more likely to wake up two or more times per night, a total of four to seven times per week. In the population, C/T and T/T genotypes of the NPAS2 gene were significantly more common in individuals with 7-hour sleep. Genotype 4/6 of the DRD4 gene and genotype 9/9 of the DAT gene were significantly associated with sleep disturbances. Carriers of the heterozygous A/G genotype of the TNF-α-308 gene, compared with carriers of all other genotypes, more often rated sleep as “satisfactory” (30%) than “good.

An association of hostility with awareness of health and other psychosocial factors in an open female population aged 25–64 years in Novosibirsk

Objective: To explore the prevalence of hostility (Hs) and its relation to awareness of health, family and job stress, and other psychosocial factors in a Novosibirsk female population aged 25–64 years.Patients and methods. A random representative sample of 870 women aged 25–64 years from one of the Novosibirsk districts was surveyed within the third screening of the WHO «MONICA-psychosocial» (MOPSY) program in 1994. The response rate was 72.5%. Hs was studied using the MOPSY test (the subscale «Hostility»). Awareness and attitude towards health and preventive measures were assessed using the awareness and attitude towards health test. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to assess the statistical significance of differences between the groups.Results. The prevalence of high Hs was 43.9%. Women with high Hs rated negatively their health more frequently, complained of health complaints more often, and had poor awareness of preventive methods, much smoking, and inadequate physical activity. High Hs was associated with personal anxiety, major depression, high vital exhaustion, low social support, high family and job stresses.Conclusion. The prevalence of obvious Hs in a female population aged 25–64 years is high and it is associated with poor self-rated health, insufficient health care, and a large number of negative psychosocial factors

Association of Personal Anxiety with Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4), DAT Genes Polymorphism

Modern studies in the world have attached high priority to the role of genetics in human psychosocial stress. People who have strong biochemical responses to stress are more inclined to develop acute and posttraumatic stress disorders. Why do such unusually strong biological reactions occur in certain people? Psychogenetics focuses on many aspects: personality traits that can affect human behavior directly. Their individual variability has been found to be a genetic trait. At present we already know a number of genes, certain allelic variants and genotypes associated with some neuropsychological characters. Among these are genes encoding intracellular and plasma protein neurotransmitter transporters and their receptors; to date, there are only several dozen genes. Of particular interest are dopaminergic system genes. However, information about the polymorphism of known genes associated with personality traits is quite limited and contradictory for open population. Under these circumstances, the chapter is devoted to the association of polymorphisms of candidate genes of the dopaminergic system with anxiety in the open population