CORRELATION AMONG ILLNESS COGNITION AND DEPRESSION LEVEL WITH FRAILTY OF ELDERLY IN MANYAR SABRANGAN DISTRICT, MULYOREJO, SURABAYA

Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis after a stressor event, which increases the risk of adverse outcomes, including falls, delirium, and disability. Sarcopenia condition in frail elderly leads to physical deterioration which makes elderly needs more effort when they want to do some particular activities. This study was aimed to identify correlation among illness cognition and depression level with frailty of elderly in Manyar Sabrangan District, Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Design used in this study is cross sectional design. The population was all frail elderly in Manyar Sabrangan District, Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Total sampel was 15 respondents, taken according inclusion and exclusion criterias. The independent variables were illness cognition and depression level. The dependent variable was frailty. Data were collected using structure questionnaire and respondent examination. Data were analyzed using Spearman corellation test with level of significance < 0.05. Result showed that illness cognition had no correlation with frailty of elderly (p = 0.346), depression level had no correlation with frailty (p = 0.120). It can be concluded that both illness cognition and depression level have no correlation with frailty of elderly. Further studies should involve larger respondents, proper instruments, and Self-Regulation Model’s Leventhal deep exploration to obtain more accurate results. Keywords: illness cognition, depression, frailty, elderl

Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following natural disaster among Indonesian elderly

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among elderly who live in a post-earthquake area. Design/methodology/approach – This was a cross-sectional study involving 152 elder people who survived the disaster and were selected conveniently. The study was conducted in two worst-affected districts of Lombok Utara regency. PTSD was diagnosed using a modified version of the ClinicianAdministered PTSD Scale version 5 (CAPS-5). The demographic data were assessed using a self-developed questionnaire consisting of 13 items. All data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, χ2 test and binary logistic regression with po0.05. Findings – Out of the 152 elder people, 91 (59.9 percent) suffered PTSD. Intrusion symptoms were the most common symptoms experienced by the respondents (94.1 percent). The factors associated with the PTSD in the elderly after the earthquake were having chronic illnesses (OR ¼ 2.490; 95% CI ¼ 1.151–5.385), public health center utilization (OR ¼ 2.200; 95% CI ¼ 1.068–4.535) and occupational status before the disaster (OR ¼ 2.726; 95% CI ¼ 1.296–5.730). These findings highlight that individual factors and access to health care services remain an important aspect of stress identification among the elderly following the disaster event. Social implications – Elder people constitute a vulnerable group that is often forgotten and neglected during post-disaster recovery, though they have potentially higher psychosocial distress than younger age groups. This study was conducted to raise awareness about mental health problems suffered by the elderly. Originality/value – This is the first study to apply CAPS-5 to assess PTSD among Indonesian elderly people following a natural disaster. This paper also provides insights that can be used by governments and other relevant parties to address PTSD problems suffered by many elderly people in a post-disaster area

Effect of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy on depression and the quality of life of the elderly in Indonesia

Purpose – This study aimed to analyze the effect of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy (TFCBT) on the depression level and quality of life of the elderly in an earthquake-affected district of North Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with a population of two elderly groups living in an earthquake-affected district was used in this study. The intervention comprised giving TF-CBT. There were three research instruments applied to determine the variables, namely, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS 15) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). All instruments were adopted and translated using back translation to Bahasa Indonesia, which is appropriate at the suggestion of the WHO. To investigate the effect of the intervention, we used hierarchical linear models (HLM) with intent-to-treat analysis. The patent parameter effect was tested using the Wald test (t-test) with a confidence Interval of 95 per cent. Findings – The final analysis applied CAPS-5 and showed that there was a decrease in the PTSD of the respondents, which was down to only 8 (17.8 per cent) in the post-test. The same situation happened for the depression variable (2.8 per cent) after it was assessed using GDS-15C. The Quality of life (WHOQoL-BREF) variable was divided into Physical (50.7), Psychological (57.1), Social (53.6) and Environmental (45.7). These components show there to be a significant result in terms of improving the quality of life of the elderly victims of the earthquake. The finding highlights that applying TF-CBT in the elderly population can significantly drop post-traumatic stress disorder and depression level and enhanced quality of life. Social implications – The intervention decreased the depression level and improved the quality of life of the elderly as found in the six- week follow-up. Longer training and integration with the structured local wisdom could be necessary to better address the mental health of the elderly affected by the earthquake. Moreover, strengthening the role of the family as the primary caregiver is required to improve the outcome. Originality/value – This is the first study that has attempted to use TF-CBT as a method of treatment for the elderly to decrease their depression and to increase quality of life among the Indonesian elderly who have experienced an earthquake. This paper provides knowledge on the effectiveness of TF-CBT that can be used by therapists to treat depression problems suffered by the elderly in a post-disaster area. Keywords Elderly, PTSD, quality of life, depression, randomized controlled trial, Trauma-Focused cognitive behavior therapy Paper type Research pape

Effect of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy on depression and the quality of life of the elderly in Indonesia

Purpose – This study aimed to analyze the effect of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy (TFCBT) on the depression level and quality of life of the elderly in an earthquake-affected district of North Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with a population of two elderly groups living in an earthquake-affected district was used in this study. The intervention comprised giving TF-CBT. There were three research instruments applied to determine the variables, namely, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS 15) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). All instruments were adopted and translated using back translation to Bahasa Indonesia, which is appropriate at the suggestion of the WHO. To investigate the effect of the intervention, we used hierarchical linear models (HLM) with intent-to-treat analysis. The patent parameter effect was tested using the Wald test (t-test) with a confidence Interval of 95 per cent. Findings – The final analysis applied CAPS-5 and showed that there was a decrease in the PTSD of the respondents, which was down to only 8 (17.8 per cent) in the post-test. The same situation happened for the depression variable (2.8 per cent) after it was assessed using GDS-15C. The Quality of life (WHOQoL-BREF) variable was divided into Physical (50.7), Psychological (57.1), Social (53.6) and Environmental (45.7). These components show there to be a significant result in terms of improving the quality of life of the elderly victims of the earthquake. The finding highlights that applying TF-CBT in the elderly population can significantly drop post-traumatic stress disorder and depression level and enhanced quality of life. Social implications – The intervention decreased the depression level and improved the quality of life of the elderly as found in the six- week follow-up. Longer training and integration with the structured local wisdom could be necessary to better address the mental health of the elderly affected by the earthquake. Moreover, strengthening the role of the family as the primary caregiver is required to improve the outcome. Originality/value – This is the first study that has attempted to use TF-CBT as a method of treatment for the elderly to decrease their depression and to increase quality of life among the Indonesian elderly who have experienced an earthquake. This paper provides knowledge on the effectiveness of TF-CBT that can be used by therapists to treat depression problems suffered by the elderly in a post-disaster area

Effect of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy on depression and the quality of life of the elderly in Indonesia

Purpose – This study aimed to analyze the effect of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy (TFCBT) on the depression level and quality of life of the elderly in an earthquake-affected district of North Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with a population of two elderly groups living in an earthquake-affected district was used in this study. The intervention comprised giving TF-CBT. There were three research instruments applied to determine the variables, namely, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS 15) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). All instruments were adopted and translated using back translation to Bahasa Indonesia, which is appropriate at the suggestion of the WHO. To investigate the effect of the intervention, we used hierarchical linear models (HLM) with intent-to-treat analysis. The patent parameter effect was tested using the Wald test (t-test) with a confidence Interval of 95 per cent. Findings – The final analysis applied CAPS-5 and showed that there was a decrease in the PTSD of the respondents, which was down to only 8 (17.8 per cent) in the post-test. The same situation happened for the depression variable (2.8 per cent) after it was assessed using GDS-15C. The Quality of life (WHOQoL-BREF) variable was divided into Physical (50.7), Psychological (57.1), Social (53.6) and Environmental (45.7). These components show there to be a significant result in terms of improving the quality of life of the elderly victims of the earthquake. The finding highlights that applying TF-CBT in the elderly population can significantly drop post-traumatic stress disorder and depression level and enhanced quality of life. Social implications – The intervention decreased the depression level and improved the quality of life of the elderly as found in the six- week follow-up. Longer training and integration with the structured local wisdom could be necessary to better address the mental health of the elderly affected by the earthquake. Moreover, strengthening the role of the family as the primary caregiver is required to improve the outcome. Originality/value – This is the first study that has attempted to use TF-CBT as a method of treatment for the elderly to decrease their depression and to increase quality of life among the Indonesian elderly who have experienced an earthquake. This paper provides knowledge on the effectiveness of TF-CBT that can be used by therapists to treat depression problems suffered by the elderly in a post-disaster area. Keywords Elderly, PTSD, quality of life, depression, randomized controlled trial, Trauma-Focused cognitive behavior therap

Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following natural disaster among Indonesian elderly

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among elderly who live in a post-earthquake area. Design/methodology/approach – This was a cross-sectional study involving 152 elder people who survived the disaster and were selected conveniently. The study was conducted in two worst-affected districts of Lombok Utara regency. PTSD was diagnosed using a modified version of the ClinicianAdministered PTSD Scale version 5 (CAPS-5). The demographic data were assessed using a self-developed questionnaire consisting of 13 items. All data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, χ2 test and binary logistic regression with po0.05. Findings – Out of the 152 elder people, 91 (59.9 percent) suffered PTSD. Intrusion symptoms were the most common symptoms experienced by the respondents (94.1 percent). The factors associated with the PTSD in the elderly after the earthquake were having chronic illnesses (OR ¼ 2.490; 95% CI ¼ 1.151–5.385), public health center utilization (OR ¼ 2.200; 95% CI ¼ 1.068–4.535) and occupational status before the disaster (OR ¼ 2.726; 95% CI ¼ 1.296–5.730). These findings highlight that individual factors and access to health care services remain an important aspect of stress identification among the elderly following the disaster event. Social implications – Elder people constitute a vulnerable group that is often forgotten and neglected during post-disaster recovery, though they have potentially higher psychosocial distress than younger age groups. This study was conducted to raise awareness about mental health problems suffered by the elderly. Originality/value – This is the first study to apply CAPS-5 to assess PTSD among Indonesian elderly people following a natural disaster. This paper also provides insights that can be used by governments and other relevant parties to address PTSD problems suffered by many elderly people in a post-disaster area. Keywords Well-being, Older people, Mental health, Disaster, Resilience, Vulnerability Paper type: Research pape

Parental Self-Efficacy on Temper Tantrum Frequency in Children

Although typical in children between the ages of 18 months and 4 years, temper tantrums can be predictive of maladaptive outcomes, particularly if they continue into later ages. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) has emerged as a powerful mediator of children temperament and a predictor of specific positive parenting practices. This study aimed to determine the correlation between PSE and temper tantrum frequency in children aged 2-5 years. This study was a correlational research. Ninety-six parents of children aged 2-5 years participated in this study. The Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index-Toddler Scale and Multidimensional Assessment of Preschool Behaviour Problem were used to assess the study variables. The data was analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. The statistical test results showed a significant correlation between parental self-efficacy and temper tantrum frequency (p-value = 0.000; r = -0.669). The majority of respondents had a moderate level of PSE, and most of the children had low temper tantrum frequency that was mostly expressed with screaming, stamping feet and holding breath. It can be concluded that there was a correlation between PSE and temper tantrum frequency in children aged 2-5 years in a negative direction, which means the higher the PSE, the lower the temper tantrum frequency. Keywords: Temper Tantrum, Self Efficacy, Children Healt