5,851 research outputs found
Supersymmetric Models and CP violation in B decays
In this talk CP violation in the supersymmetric models, and especially in
B-decays is discussed. We review our analysis of the supersymmetric
contributions to the mixing CP asymmetries of and processes. Both gluino and chargino exchanges are considered
in a model independent way by using the mass insertion approximation method.
The QCD factorization method is used, and parametrization of this method in
terms of Wilson coefficients is presented in both decay modes. Correlations
between the CP asymmetries of these processes and the direct CP asymmetry in
decay are shown.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures. Prepared for the proceedings of the 1st GUC
workshop on High Energy Physics, Cairo, Jan 9-13, 200
Chargino contributions to the CP asymmetry in B -> Phi K(S) decay
We perform a model independent analysis of the chargino contributions to the
CP asymmetry in B -> Phi K(S) process. We use the mass insertion approximation
method generalized by including the possibility of a light right-stop. We find
that the dominant effect is given by the contributions of the mass insertions
deltaU_LL(32) and deltaU_RL(32) to the Wilson coefficient of the chromomagnetic
operator. By considering both these contributions simultaneously, the CP
asymmetry in B -> Phi K(S) process is significantly reduced and negative
values, which are within the 1-sigma experimental range and satisfy the b -> s
gamma constraints, can be obtained.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 3.eps Figure
On the B -> X_s l^+ l^- decays in general supersymmetric models
We analyze the inclusive semileptonic decays B -> X_s l^+ l^- in the
framework of the supersymmetric standard model with non-universal soft-breaking
terms at GUT scale. We show that the general trend of universal and
non-universal models is a decreasing of branching ratio (BR) and increasing of
energy asymmetry (AS). However, only non--universal models can have chances to
get very large enhancements in BR and AS, corresponding to large (negative)
SUSY contributions to the b -> s \gamma amplitude.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. References added. To appear in Phys. Lett.
Anisotropic Anomalous Diffusion assessed in the human brain by scalar invariant indices
A new method to investigate anomalous diffusion in human brain is proposed.
The method has been inspired by both the stretched-exponential model proposed
by Hall and Barrick (HB) and DTI. Quantities extracted using HB method were
able to discriminate different cerebral tissues on the basis of their
complexity, expressed by the stretching exponent gamma and of the anisotropy of
gamma across different directions. Nevertheless, these quantities were not
defined as scalar invariants like mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy,
which are eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor. We hypotesize instead that the
signal may be espressed as a simple stretched-exponential only along the
principal axes of diffusion, while in a generic direction the signal is modeled
as a combination of three different stretched-exponentials. In this way, we
derived indices to quantify both the tissue anomalous diffusion and its
anisotropy, independently of the reference frame of the experiment. We tested
and compare our new method with DTI and HB approaches applying them to 10
healty subjects brain at 3T. Our experimental results show that our parameters
are highly correlated to intrinsic local geometry when compared to HB indices.
Moreover, they offer a different kind of contrast when compared to DTI outputs.
Specifically, our indices show a higher capability to discriminate among
different areas of the corpus callosum, which are known to be associated to
different axonal densities.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
A dynamical classification of the range of pair interactions
We formalize a classification of pair interactions based on the convergence
properties of the {\it forces} acting on particles as a function of system
size. We do so by considering the behavior of the probability distribution
function (PDF) P(F) of the force field F in a particle distribution in the
limit that the size of the system is taken to infinity at constant particle
density, i.e., in the "usual" thermodynamic limit. For a pair interaction
potential V(r) with V(r) \rightarrow \infty) \sim 1/r^a defining a {\it
bounded} pair force, we show that P(F) converges continuously to a well-defined
and rapidly decreasing PDF if and only if the {\it pair force} is absolutely
integrable, i.e., for a > d-1, where d is the spatial dimension. We refer to
this case as {\it dynamically short-range}, because the dominant contribution
to the force on a typical particle in this limit arises from particles in a
finite neighborhood around it. For the {\it dynamically long-range} case, i.e.,
a \leq d-1, on the other hand, the dominant contribution to the force comes
from the mean field due to the bulk, which becomes undefined in this limit. We
discuss also how, for a \leq d-1 (and notably, for the case of gravity, a=d-2)
P(F) may, in some cases, be defined in a weaker sense. This involves a
regularization of the force summation which is generalization of the procedure
employed to define gravitational forces in an infinite static homogeneous
universe. We explain that the relevant classification in this context is,
however, that which divides pair forces with a > d-2 (or a < d-2), for which
the PDF of the {\it difference in forces} is defined (or not defined) in the
infinite system limit, without any regularization. In the former case dynamics
can, as for the (marginal) case of gravity, be defined consistently in an
infinite uniform system.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure; significantly shortened and focussed, additional
references, version to appear in J. Stat. Phy
Dynamics in the Fitness-Income plane: Brazilian states vs World countries
In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm, called Exogenous Fitness, to calculate the Fitness of subnational entities and we apply it to the states of Brazil. In the last decade, several indices were introduced to measure the competitiveness of countries by looking at the complexity of their export basket. Tacchella et al (2012) developed a non-monetary metric called Fitness. In this paper, after an overview about Brazil as a whole and the comparison with the other BRIC countries, we introduce a new methodology based on the Fitness algorithm, called Exogenous Fitness. Combining the results with the Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPp), we look at the dynamics of the Brazilian states in the Fitness-Income plane. Two regimes are distinguishable: one with high predictability and the other with low predictability, showing a deep analogy with the heterogeneous dynamics of the World countries. Furthermore, we compare the ranking of the Brazilian states according to the Exogenous Fitness with the ranking obtained through two other techniques, namely Endogenous Fitness and Economic Complexity Index
Muon anomalous magnetic moment in supersymmetric scenarios with an intermediate scale and nonuniversality
We analyze the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (a_{\mu}) in
supersymmetric scenarios. First we concentrate on scenarios with universal soft
terms. We find that a moderate increase of a_{\mu} can be obtained by lowering
the unification scale M_{GUT} to intermediate values 10^{10-12} GeV. However,
large values of \tan \beta are still favored. Then we study the case of
non-universal soft terms. For the usual value M_{GUT}~10^{16} GeV, we obtain
a_{\mu} in the favored experimental range even for moderate \tan \beta regions
\tan\beta ~ 5$. Finally, we give an explicit example of these scenarios. In
particular, we show that in a D-brane model, where the string scale is
naturally of order 10^{10-12} GeV and the soft terms are non universal, a_{\mu}
is enhanced with low \tan\beta.Comment: Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D. Conventions clarified,
results in the figures improve
Modeling Heterogeneous Materials via Two-Point Correlation Functions: II. Algorithmic Details and Applications
In the first part of this series of two papers, we proposed a theoretical
formalism that enables one to model and categorize heterogeneous materials
(media) via two-point correlation functions S2 and introduced an efficient
heterogeneous-medium (re)construction algorithm called the "lattice-point"
algorithm. Here we discuss the algorithmic details of the lattice-point
procedure and an algorithm modification using surface optimization to further
speed up the (re)construction process. The importance of the error tolerance,
which indicates to what accuracy the media are (re)constructed, is also
emphasized and discussed. We apply the algorithm to generate three-dimensional
digitized realizations of a Fontainebleau sandstone and a boron
carbide/aluminum composite from the two- dimensional tomographic images of
their slices through the materials. To ascertain whether the information
contained in S2 is sufficient to capture the salient structural features, we
compute the two-point cluster functions of the media, which are superior
signatures of the micro-structure because they incorporate the connectedness
information. We also study the reconstruction of a binary laser-speckle pattern
in two dimensions, in which the algorithm fails to reproduce the pattern
accurately. We conclude that in general reconstructions using S2 only work well
for heterogeneous materials with single-scale structures. However, two-point
information via S2 is not sufficient to accurately model multi-scale media.
Moreover, we construct realizations of hypothetical materials with desired
structural characteristics obtained by manipulating their two-point correlation
functions.Comment: 35 pages, 19 figure
Initial conditions, Discreteness and non-linear structure formation in cosmology
In this lecture we address three different but related aspects of the initial
continuous fluctuation field in standard cosmological models. Firstly we
discuss the properties of the so-called Harrison-Zeldovich like spectra. This
power spectrum is a fundamental feature of all current standard cosmological
models. In a simple classification of all stationary stochastic processes into
three categories, we highlight with the name ``super-homogeneous'' the
properties of the class to which models like this, with , belong. In
statistical physics language they are well described as glass-like. Secondly,
the initial continuous density field with such small amplitude correlated
Gaussian fluctuations must be discretised in order to set up the initial
particle distribution used in gravitational N-body simulations. We discuss the
main issues related to the effects of discretisation, particularly concerning
the effect of particle induced fluctuations on the statistical properties of
the initial conditions and on the dynamical evolution of gravitational
clustering.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Proceedings of 9th Course on
Astrofundamental Physics, International School D. Chalonge, Kluwer, eds N.G.
Sanchez and Y.M. Pariiski, uses crckapb.st pages, 3 figure, ro appear in
Proceedings of 9th Course on Astrofundamental Physics, International School
D. Chalonge, Kluwer, Eds. N.G. Sanchez and Y.M. Pariiski, uses crckapb.st
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