Exporting the problem: Issues with fishing closures in seabird conservation

Fisheries management may impact on a range of seabirds’ traits such as foraging behavior. There is an extensive hake fishing closure in Argentine waters (HFC) where trawling is banned. The concentration of fishing effort in the boundary of this area triggered the question of a potential negative effect of seabird bycatch in such area. The distribution of seabirds attending vessels and their bycatch rates was explored as well as the foraging behavior of Black-browed albatrosses (BBA, Thalassarche melanophris) and Southern Giant Petrels (SGP, Macronectes giganteus) in relation to the HFC. For this, 55 satellite transmitters were deployed on the birds and discrete behavioral mode was inferred using state-space models. Seabird attendance at trawlers and bycatch data were obtained from on-board observers. The spatial distribution of the birds’ bycatch was concentrated in the boundary of the HFC and the distance to the boundary had a significant effect on the interactions. The spatial modeling of seabird attendance revealed a similar pattern with core areas in the margins of the HFC. The bulk of the core foraging areas of BBAs and SGPs were concentrated in waters adjacent to the HFC. Besides, the time spent foraging in the boundaries of the HFC was greater than inside the HFC. The study highlights that the “exporting effect” due to the concentration of fishing effort and seabird foraging in bordering areas may increase seabird bycatch in the neighboring waters. Hence, the design of management measures for seabird bycatch should contemplate regulations to address these negative side effects.Fil: Copello, Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Gabriela Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Seco Pon, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Quintana, Flavio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; Argentina. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Favero, Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Sorption/Diffusion Contributions to the Gas Permeation Properties of Bi-Soft Segment Polyurethane/Polycaprolactone Membranes for Membrane Blood Oxygenators

Due to their high hemocompatibility and gas permeation capacity, bi-soft segment polyurethane/polycaprolactone (PU/PCL) polymers are promising materials for use in membrane blood oxygenators. In this work, both nonporous symmetric and integral asymmetric PU/PCL membranes were synthesized, and the permeation properties of the atmospheric gases N2, O2, and CO2 through these membranes were experimentally determined using a new custom-built gas permeation apparatus. Permeate pressure vs. time curves were obtained at 37.0 °C and gas feed pressures up to 5 bar. Fluxes, permeances, and permeability coefficients were determined from the steady-state part of the curves, and the diffusion and sorption coefficients were estimated from the analysis of the transient state using the time-lag method. Independent measurements of the sorption coefficients of the three gases were performed, under equilibrium conditions, in order to validate the new setup and procedure. This work shows that the gas sorption in the PU/PCL polymers is the dominant factor for the permeation properties of the atmospheric gases in these membranes

Seabird bycatch in the Argentinean demersal longline fishery, 2001-2010

Seabird mortality associated with fisheries is one of the major threats leading to population decreases of certain species, particularly albatrosses and petrels. The present study was conducted to (1) analyze seabird bycatch in the Argentinean demersal longline fishery during the decade 2001 to 2010, (2) provide a baseline of the levels of incidental mortality prior to the implementation of the National Plan of Action-Seabirds, and (3) characterize in space and time the occurrence and intensity of seabird mortality. Fishing effort decreased from some 30 million to 5 million hooks set per year, and the overall bycatch rate for the whole period was 0.033 (0.019 SE) birds per 1000 hooks. The estimated total mortality for the 10 yr period was 7470 ± 2449 seabirds, the majority being black-browed albatrosses and white-chinned petrels. Seabird mortalities decreased by 1 order of magnitude towards the end of the decade, not due to lower bycatch rates but to a drop in the number of hooks set per year. The progress achieved so far in Argentina is important, but if seabird bycatch is to be reduced to negligible levels, it is imperative that the National Plan of Action-Seabirds is effectively implemented and that the longline fishery comply with the conservation measure calling for the use of mitigation methods that came into effect in 2010. Other management-related actions, such as the increase of capacities within the National Observer Program and the refinement of seabird sampling protocols, will have an effect not only in the longline but also in the large trawl fishery, where seabird bycatch has also been documented.Fil: Favero, Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Gabriela Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Copello, Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Seco Pon, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Paterlini, Carla Ángela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Mariano y Jelicich, Rocío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: García, Germán Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Beron, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Prácticas creativas de audiovisuales de no ficción. Producción de entrevistas y difusión cultural de la Facultad de Artes

En el proyecto desarrollamos dos líneas de trabajo: en primer lugar, la realización de entrevistas audiovisuales a alumnos de tercer año del Departamento de Cine y TV, en torno a sus prácticas creativas en la producción de “no ficción” requeridas como carga académica, y, en segundo, la difusión de las mismas, generalmente junto a sus trabajos. Tenemos dos objetivos principales. En primer lugar, proponer un espacio de reflexión crítica y analítica de la relación entre los procesos de investigación, registros de la realidad, creación artística y relaciones comunicacionales con la sociedad, que desarrollan los alumnos en las prácticas con la cátedra Realización Audiovisual III. Y, el segundo, difundir -en espacios que se encuentran al alcance del equipo- las producciones de los alumnos, conjuntamente con las entrevistas en pos de un anclaje contextual de la mirada. Sostenemos la necesidad de mezclar las prácticas creativas, sumergidas en el tiempo continuo, con la atemporal percepción analítica y reflexiva del conocimiento racional. En esa bisagra diseñamos las entrevistas a los alumnos realizadores que producen un audiovisual de no ficción en tercer año. En ellas se entablan conversaciones sobre: a) los motivos que les llevaron a elegir el tema y las modificaciones de los mismos a partir de los procesos de investigación y/o acercamientos al campo de trabajo; b) las decisiones estéticas en términos de fotografía, sonido y edición, y en relación a la batalla metafórica; c) las relaciones con los otros y las cuestiones éticas que emergen de esos procesos. Conformamos un equipo (este año con nuevos integrantes) que trabajamos desde el 2009 en propuestas de resguardo, difusión, investigación y producción con creaciones audiovisuales realizadas en espacios áulicos. Este proyecto se articula con la “Red Cultural de videos de Córdoba” (SEU/UNC 2013-15) y con “Registros de la realidad. Arte, memoria y procesos creativos” (Secyt 2012/14).Fil: Mohaded, Ana María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes. Departamento Académico de Cine y Televisión; Argentina.Fil: Kogan, Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes. Departamento Académico de Cine y Televisión; Argentina.Estudios sobre Cine, Radio y Televisió

Seascape modeling of southern giant petrels from Patagonia during different life-cycles

Presence-only models such as Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) compare distributions of environmental variables and species, generating habitat suitability (HS) maps. Here, we determined the factors affecting distribution of southern giant petrels (SGP) from northern Patagonian colonies (Isla Arce: 45° 00ʹS; 65°29′W, and Isla Gran Robredo: 45°08ʹS; 66°03′W) using ENFA, improving estimates of their potential year-round feeding habitats. Data on movements of 17 adult and 9 first-year juvenile SGP were gathered using satellite telemetry. Model eco-geographical variables (EGV) overlapped the tracked animals. The resulting HS maps included most of the tracking locations along the Argentinean Shelf and reflected characteristics that congregate procellariiformes elsewhere. Wind conditions and primary productivity shaped foraging HS of petrels over the year. However, different EGVs influenced this population differently depending on the requirements of their life stage. For example, juveniles showed high marginality (values of EGVs different from the mean values available). Breeding adults´ HS was determined by a small range of values within those available, showing high specializations. Contrarily, wintering petrels showed plasticity in the selection of their foraging environments being distribution of fisheries one of the variables influencing their distribution. This study highlights the importance of the Argentinean Shelf for conservation of the marine environment.Fil: Blanco, Gabriela Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Carnero, Noela Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Pisoni, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Quintana, Flavio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; Argentin

Guidance on mucositis assessment from the MASCC Mucositis Study Group and ISOO: an international Delphi studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Mucositis is a common and highly impactful side effect of conventional and emerging cancer therapy and thus the subject of intense investigation. Although common practice, mucositis assessment is heterogeneously adopted and poorly guided, impacting evidence synthesis and translation. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Mucositis Study Group (MSG) therefore aimed to establish expert recommendations for how existing mucositis assessment tools should be used, in clinical care and trials contexts, to improve the consistency of mucositis assessment. Methods: This study was conducted over two stages (January 2022–July 2023). The first phase involved a survey to MASCC-MSG members (January 2022–May 2022), capturing current practices, challenges and preferences. These then informed the second phase, in which a set of initial recommendations were prepared and refined using the Delphi method (February 2023–May 2023). Consensus was defined as agreement on a parameter by >80% of respondents. Findings: Seventy-two MASCC-MSG members completed the first phase of the study (37 females, 34 males, mainly oral care specialists). High variability was noted in the use of mucositis assessment tools, with a high reliance on clinician assessment compared to patient reported outcome measures (PROMs, 47% vs 3%, 37% used a combination). The World Health Organization (WHO) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scales were most commonly used to assess mucositis across multiple settings. Initial recommendations were reviewed by experienced MSG members and following two rounds of Delphi survey consensus was achieved in 91 of 100 recommendations. For example, in patients receiving chemotherapy, the recommended tool for clinician assessment in clinical practice is WHO for oral mucositis (89.5% consensus), and WHO or CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (85.7% consensus). The recommended PROM in clinical trials is OMD/WQ for oral mucositis (93.3% consensus), and PRO-CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (83.3% consensus). Interpretation: These new recommendations provide much needed guidance on mucositis assessment and may be applied in both clinical practice and research to streamline comparison and synthesis of global data sets, thus accelerating translation of new knowledge into clinical practice. Funding: No funding was received