Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Compromiso mamario bilateral por leucemia linfocítica aguda. Hallazgos por mamografía, ultrasonido y resonancia magnética: Presentación de un caso Bilateral breast involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mammographic, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings: Case report

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 26 años de edad con antecedente de leucemia linfocítica aguda, tratada con quimioterapia y trasplante de médula ósea, que consultó por nódulos palpables en ambas mamas. Se estudió mediante mamografía, ultrasonido (US) y resonancia magnética (RM), y el diagnóstico anatomopatológico final fue una recaída de la enfermedad de base por compromiso mamario. El caso resulta de interés, ya que se trata de una forma de manifestación muy poco habitual, con escasos reportes en la literatura y ningún trabajo encontrado en el que se describa la utilidad de la resonancia magnética en estos pacientes.<br>We report a case of a 26-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant who presented with palpable lumps in both breasts. Mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, with the final pathological diagnosis being relapse of her underlying disease with breast involvement. The case is worth reporting because it is a very unusual form of presentation, with few reports in medical literature, having found no previous studies discussing the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in these cases