Representative mass spectra and the list of the identified tryptic peptides of two identified tumor biomarkers.

<p>A) Annexin A10, B) Vimentin. Some keratin contamination has been detected in the sample, the tryptic peptides of keratin were used as internal calibration standards and the peaks are marked with asterisk.</p

Mass Spectrometric Identification of Ancient Proteins as Potential Molecular Biomarkers for a 2000-Year-Old Osteogenic Sarcoma

<div><p>Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone usually occurring in young adolescent and children. This disease has a poor prognosis, because of the metastases in the period of tumor progression, which are usually developed previous to the clinical diagnosis. In this paper, a 2000-year-old ancient bone remain with osteogenic sarcoma was analyzed searching for tumor biomarkers which are closely related to this disease. After a specific extraction SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis followed by tryptic digestion was performed. After the digestion the samples were measured using MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Healthy bone samples from same archaeological site were used as control samples. Our results show that in the pathological skeletal remain several well known tumor biomarkers are detected such as annexin A10, BCL-2-like protein, calgizzarin, rho GTPase-activating protein 7, HSP beta-6 protein, transferrin and vimentin compared to the control samples. The identified protein biomarkers can be useful in the discovery of malignant bone lesions such as osteosarcoma in the very early stage of the disease from paleoanthropological remains.</p></div

The identified up-regulated proteins from 2000-year-old osteogenic sarcoma.

<p>(Mascot score>50).</p

The paleoanthropological sample chosen for mass spectrometric analysis.

<p>A) and B) Anterior and posterior views of the analyzed right humerus with osteogenic sarcoma. C) X-ray radiograph of the measured human remain. The red ellipse shows the location of the sampling.</p

The line drawing map of the archaeological site.

<p>At this site we uncovered 33 graves from the late Roman period, arranged in four rows, very close to each other. Grave 186 (indicated with an red arrow) is located in the south-eastern section of the site, at 270–90°. The upper perimeter dimensions of the grave were 218 by 126 cm, the base 185 by 120 cm, with a depth of 48 cm.</p

Characteristic 1D SDS PAGE electrophoretogram of healthy control and the pathological bone samples.

<p>Lanes 1 and 2 are healthy control samples from Hodmezovasarhely-Gorzsa and Szegvar-Oromdulo, lanes 3–6 are osteosarcoma samples. Arrows show the spots of Annexin A10 (37.3 kDa) and Vimentin (26.8 kDa). The parameters of the separation are mentioned in the text.</p