65 research outputs found

    There's no place like OM:Vesicular sorting and secretion of the peptidylarginine deiminase of Porphyromonas gingivalis

    Get PDF
    The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major periodontal agents and it has been recently hailed as a potential cause of the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, the peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme of P. gingivalis (PPAD) has been implicated in the citrullination of certain host proteins and the subsequent appearance of antibodies against citrullinated proteins, which might play a role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the extracellular localization of PPAD in a large panel of clinical P. gingivalis isolates. Here we show that all isolates produced PPAD. In most cases PPAD was abundantly present in secreted outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that are massively produced by P. gingivalis, and to minor extent in a soluble secreted state. Interestingly, a small subset of clinical isolates showed drastically reduced levels of the OMV-bound PPAD and secreted most of this enzyme in the soluble state. The latter phenotype is strictly associated with a lysine residue at position 373 in PPAD, implicating the more common glutamine residue at this position in PPAD association with OMVs. Further, one isolate displayed severely restricted vesiculation. Together, our findings show for the first time that neither the major association of PPAD with vesicles, nor P. gingivalis vesiculation per se, are needed for P. gingivalis interactions with the human host

    Porphyromonas gingivalis, the beast with two heads:A bacterial role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis

    Get PDF
    Porphyromonas gingivalis is een tandplakbacterie die medeverantwoordelijk is voor ernstige tandvleesontsteking ofwel parodontitis, één van de wereldwijd meest voorkomende ontstekingsziektes. Daarnaast heeft de recente ontdekking van het eiwit-citrullinerende enzym van deze bacterie, het zogenaamde Porphyromonas peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), de aandacht gevestigd op een mogelijke betrokkenheid van P. gingivalis bij de auto-immuunziekte reumatoïde artritis (RA), omdat auto-antistoffen tegen gecitrullineerde eiwitten een belangrijk kenmerk zijn van RA. In het onderhavige proefschrift is de rol van P. gingivalis en andere tandplakbacteriën in de processen die leiden tot RA uiteengezet. Tevens zijn de cellulaire opbouw en de systemen die P. gingivalis benut voor subcellulaire eiwitlokalisatie en -secretie in detail beschreven om een beter begrip te krijgen van de factoren die met PPAD interacteren. Het proefschrift beschrijft in detail de conservering van PPAD op gen- en eiwitniveau in een set van 100 klinische P. gingivalis isolaten, waarbij aangetoond werd dat dit enzym een specifiek kenmerk is van de P. gingivalis bacterie. Ondanks de hoge mate van conservering is een aantal klinische isolaten geïdentificeerd met een afwijkend patroon van PPAD-secretie. Dit fenotype lijkt veroorzaakt te worden door een specifieke verandering in PPAD, waardoor het enzym niet meer goed aan de buitenmembraan van P. gingivalis verankerd kan worden met behulp van een specifiek lipopolysaccharide. Tenslotte wordt de waarneming beschreven dat PPAD ook voorkomt in Porphyromonas soorten die bij dierlijke gastheren voorkomen. Tezamen geven de beschreven analyses een beter inzicht in de mogelijke betrokkenheid van P. gingivalis en het PPAD enzym in de vroege stadia van RA-ontwikkeling

    Methods and compositions to support the growth or maintenance of oxygen-sensitive bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract

    Get PDF
    The present invention relates to methods and compositions to support the growth or maintenance of oxygen-sensitive bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, preferably a mammal. Particularly, the invention relates to means and methods for selectively enhancing the growth of beneficial anaerobic butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Faecaliumbacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii)

    Functional association of the stress-responsive LiaH protein and the minimal TatAyCy protein translocase in Bacillus subtilis

    Get PDF
    The bacterial twin-arginine (Tat) pathway serves in the exclusive secretion of folded proteins with bound co-factors. While Tat pathways in Gram-negative bacteria and chloroplast thylakoids consist of conserved TatA, TatB and TatC subunits, the Tat pathways of Bacillus species and many other Gram-positive bacteria stand out for their minimalist nature with the core translocase being composed of essential TatA and TatC subunits only. Here we addressed the question whether the minimal TatAyCy translocase of Bacillus subtilis recruits additional cellular components that modulate its activity. To this end, TatAyCy was purified by affinity- and size exclusion chromatography, and interacting co-purified proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. This uncovered the cell envelope stress responsive LiaH protein as an accessory subunit of the TatAyCy complex. Importantly, our functional studies show that Tat expression is tightly trailed by LiaH induction, and that LiaH itself determines the capacity and quality of TatAyCy-dependent protein translocation. In contrast, LiaH has no role in high-level protein secretion via the general secretion (Sec) pathway. Altogether, our observations show that protein translocation by the minimal Tat translocase TatAyCy is tightly intertwined with an adequate bacterial response to cell envelope stress. This is consistent with a critical need to maintain cellular homeostasis, especially when the membrane is widely opened to permit passage of large fully-folded proteins via Tat
    corecore