Fenomena Migrasi Tenaga Kerja Pertanian Dandampaknya terhadap Pemberdayaan Petani di Propinsi Jawa Tengah

Migration is one of the factors that influence population growth in a region. Migration reflects the inequality factor of economic growth is heavily influenced by factors of family economic conditions and limited natural resources. The purposes of this study are : 1). Analyzing the phenomenon of migration of agricultural labor in Central Java province, and 2). Knowing the impact of migration on the empowerment of farmers in Central Java province. The study was conducted in four districts in Central Java: Cilacap, Klaten, Sragen and Pati in 2016. The study used primary data by surveying 160 respondent as a farmers. The results of the study obtained information that in 2016 the total labor force (AK) is working and the number of AK that migration has increased compared to the data in 2010. The number of AK migration most in Klaten district as much as 19.6%. This kind of migration is mostly done by AK in Central Java is the migration of commutation of 54.12%, 26.09% permanent migration and migration of circulating 17.39%. The high rate of migration is an indication of the need for empowerment of farmers in the countryside. The mobility of labor from agriculture to non-agriculture sector followed by high urbanization demonstrated by the high growth of the urban population. There are two factors that cause migration, namely the driving factors and pull factors. The economic factor is a dominant factor causes of migration. To reduce the rate of migration should be pursued community empowerment programs directly related to farming in the countryside, so as to create new jobs

Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (Hki) terhadap Kinerja Kerjasama Lisensi Bidang Pertanian

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) terhadap kinerja kerjasama lisensi bidang pertanian. Kajian dilakukan dengan data sekunder pada tahun 2010-2015. Hasil kajian diperoleh bahwa kebijakan HKI Balitbangtan terdapat pada Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 06 tahun 2012 tentang Kerjasama Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, serta Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 99/Permentan/OT.140/10/2013 Tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan menteri Pertanian Nomor 06/Permentan/OT.140/2/2012 tentang Pedoman Kerjasama Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Pada periode 2005-2015 jumlah kerjasama lisensi yang dilakukan Balitbangtan sebanyak 140 kerjasama yang terdiri atas Paten (63 perjanjian), PVT (53 perjanjian) dan Rahasia Dagang (24 perjanjian). Unit kerja Balitbangtan yang sudah melakukan kerjasama lisensi paling banyak adalah Balai Besar Pengembangan Mekanisasi Pertanian (BBP Mektan) sebanyak 27 perjanjian lisensi, diikuti BBSDLP (25 lisensi ), Puslitbang Hortikultura (24 lisensi), Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan (18 lisensi), BB padi (14 lisensi) dan Puslitbang Perkebunan (13 lisensi). Jumlah Perusahaan yang sudah melakukan kerjasama lisensi sebanyak 37 Perusahaan dengan bidang komoditas/bidang masalah terbanyak berturut-turut pupuk dan sumber daya lahan, hortikultura, tanaman pangan, perkebunan, mekanisasi pertanian dan bioteknologi. Sampai dengan tahun 2015 Balitbangtan mengelola royalty kerjasama lisensi sebesar Rp. 3,515 milyar. Unit kerja yang menyumbang royalty paling besar adalah Balitro sebesar Rp. 2,246 milyar, dan diikuti oleh Balithi Rp. 1,177 milyar. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam kerjasama lisensi diantarannya adalah kinerja teknologi yang belum siap dikembangkan, terbatasnya pasar, kemampuan SDM dalam menerima transfer knowledge dan hambatan regulasi

Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Sektor Pertanian: Kasus pada Program Bekerja

In order to reduce poverty in the agricultural sector, the Ministry of Agriculture implements the BEKERJA program, which is an effort to empower poor farmers in farming multi-commodities, including laying hens, vegetables, fruit and plantation crops. The objective of this study is to understand the role of the program on increasing farmers' income and reducing poverty. This research was conducted in 11 provinces covering 38 districts which were the location of the BEKERJA program in 2018 and 2019. The data used were primary data collected through in-depth interviews of farmers participating in the program. The results of quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis concluded that the program was quite successful in enhancing agricultural business activities among poor farmers, but it had not been able to increase farmers' income significantly. The number of poor farmers participating in the program only decreased by 1.48%. There are many challenges faced in empowering poor farmers, and therefore a strong commitment is needed to reduce poverty in the agricultural sector. To increase the effectiveness of these poverty reduction efforts, the empowerment of poor farmers in the future should be carried out as the following: (1) commodities developed are focused on the laying hens and vegetables farming, (2) farmers empowerment and provision of agricultural facilities should be continued at least until the farming activities is financially profitable, (3) technical guidance for cultivation should be strengthen, (4) beneficiaries of the program should be prioritized to young farmers, and (5) development a special program that is focussed for the poor farmers

Peranan Petani Milenial Mendukung Ekspor Hasil Pertanian di Indonesia

A variety of start-ups and agricultural applications show that there has been an increasing interest in agriculture. Using information and communication technology to make agricultural products distribution and marketing more effective and efficient, millennial farmers are expected to improve the agricultural product export. However, exporting agricultural products is a challenge. Agricultural products are perishable and the exporters have to meet International food safety standards. The farmers deal with regulations, lack of facilities and infrastructures for production process, as well as the standards of Good Manufacturing Practices. This article aims to assess potentials of millennial farmers pioneering agricultural product export in Indonesia and to analyze the impact of various government policies to millennial farmers. They need appropriate technology to improve agricultural product value added and support for development potential of various agricultural start-ups. Required government supports include farm practice, export procedure training, and export market survey using internet, as well as conducive regulation easy access to financial service provider institution. Those supports will boost the millennial farmers' spirit along with Ministry of Agriculture's program of three-fold agricultural product export