Análise da qualidade da informação sobre causa básica de óbitos neonatais registrados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade: um estudo para Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, 2001-2002 Quality of information analysis on basic causes of neonatal deaths recorded in the Mortality Information System: a study in Maceió, Alagoas State, Brazil, 2001-2002

A análise da qualidade da informação sobre causas de óbitos neonatais no Brasil é extremamente relevante, permitindo verificar a magnitude de óbitos passíveis de redução e subsidiar políticas adequadas à sua diminuição. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar a confiabilidade e validade do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) na discriminação da causa básica de óbitos neonatais e definir percentuais de causas redutíveis. Foram analisadas causas básicas dos óbitos neonatais precoces hospitalares de Maceió, Alagoas, comparando as causas dos prontuários ao SIM, aferindo confiabilidade e validade. Para análise de redutibilidade compararam-se as classificações da Fundação SEADE e de Wigglesworth modificadas. Predominaram causas maternas nos prontuários e de transtornos respiratórios nas declarações de óbito e SIM. O percentual de óbitos redutíveis pode ser bem superior ao detectado no SIM, devido às imprecisões no preenchimento das declarações de óbito. De acordo com o SIM, os maiores problemas residem no diagnóstico e tratamento precoce de causas neonatais. Todavia, os resultados evidenciaram que os problemas mais prementes relacionam-se a falhas no pré-natal e descontrole de doenças.<br>Analysis of the quality of information on basic causes of neonatal deaths in Brazil is crucially important, since it allows one to estimate how many deaths are avoidable and provide support for policies to decrease neonatal mortality. The current study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Mortality Information System (MIS) for discriminating between basic causes of neonatal deaths and defining percentages of reducible causes. The basic causes of early neonatal deaths in hospitals in Maceió, Alagoas State, were analyzed, and the causes recorded in medical records were compared to the MIS data in order to measure reliability and validity. The modified SEADE Foundation and Wigglesworth classifications were compared to analyze the capacity for reduction of neonatal mortality. Maternal causes predominated in the medical records, as compared to respiratory disorders on the death certificates and in the MIS. The percentage of avoidable deaths may be much higher than observed from the MIS, due to imprecision in completing death certificates. Based on the MIS, the greatest problems are in early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal causes. However, the results show that the most pressing problems relate to failures in prenatal care and lack of control of diseases

Relationship between rainfall and temperature: observations on the cases of visceral leishmaniasis in São Luis Island, State of Maranhão, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem that requires global control strategies, especially with respect to factors that may intervene in reducing the incidence of endemicity. In this work, rainfall density and temperature were correlated with the incidence of human cases in an area endemic for leishmaniasis in São Luis do Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Notification of human cases by the National Health Foundation/Regional Coordination of Maranhão (FUNASA/COREMA) from 2002 to 2010 was used. Ecological data (mean temperature and rainfall density) were provided by the Meteorological Office of State. RESULTS: A significant association was verified between the number of VL cases and rainfall rate but not in the analysis concerning mean temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the control actions in visceral leishmaniasis should be performed during rainy season in the State of Maranhão, which is in the first half of the year

Leishmania infection in humans, dogs and sandflies in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Maranhão, Brazil

Leishmania infection in humans, dogs and sandflies was examined in the endemic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) municipality of Raposa, state of Maranhão, Brazil. In this study, we examined Leishmania chagasi infection in the blood serum of both humans and Canis familiaris and the natural Leishmania sp. infection rate in the sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence reaction and polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect Leishmania infections in humans, dogs and sandflies, respectively. Overall, 186 out of 986 studied human beings were infected with L. chagasi parasites, representing an infection prevalence of 18.9%. An even higher infection rate was detected in dogs, where 66 (47.8%) out of 138 were infected. Among all Lu. longipalpis captured (n = 1,881), only 26.7% were females. The Leishmania infection frequency for the vector Lu. longipalpis was 1.56%. Remarkably, all infected sandflies were found in the peridomiciliary area. Furthermore, a high incidence of asymptomatic forms of VL in the human and canine populations was observed. The results of this study suggest autochthonous transmission of L. chagasi in this endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis because infection by Leishmania sp. was identified in all important elements of the transmission chain