55,810 research outputs found
Atypical parkinsonism: An Update.
Purpose of review: This update discusses novel aspects on genetics, diagnosis, and treatments of atypical parkinsonism published over the past 2 years. Recent findings: A genome-wide association study identified new genetic risk factors for progressive supranuclear palsy and new genetic conditions presenting with atypical parkinsonism have been described. The clinical criteria for diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration have been revised, and for progressive supranuclear palsy are under revision. Novel molecular techniques to identify possible biomarkers, as in other neurodegenerative disorders, have started being studied on atypical parkinsonian conditions, and although preliminary results seem promising, further studies are urgently warranted. Therapeutic trials based on disease-specific targets have shown no clinical improvement. Summary: The knowledge obtained recently on atypical parkinsonian conditions points out the major deficits in this field. With the expanding phenotypical spectrum of atypical parkinsonian conditions, the early identification of patients has become difficult. The inability of conventional methods to identify these disorders earlier and better than clinicians, and the recent failure of promising therapeutic compounds, highlight the fact that the lack of biomarkers is probably the greatest limitation for developing treatments for these disorders. Thus, current and future research in this direction will be crucial
Co-rich decagonal Al-Co-Ni: predicting structure, orientational order, and puckering
We apply systematic methods previously used by Mihalkovic et al. to predict
the structure of the `basic' Co-rich modification of the decagonal Al70 Co20
Ni10 layered quasicrystal, based on known lattice constants and previously
calculated pair potentials. The modelling is based on Penrose tile decoration
and uses Monte Carlo annealing to discover the dominant motifs, which are
converted into rules for another level of description. The result is a network
of edge-sharing large decagons on a binary tiling of edge 10.5 A. A detailed
analysis is given of the instability of a four-layer structure towards
-doubling and puckering of the atoms out of the layers, which is applied to
explain the (pentagonal) orientational order.Comment: IOP LaTex; 7 pp, 2 figures. In press, Phil. Mag. A (Proc. Intl. Conf.
on Quasicrystals 9, Ames Iowa, May 2005
Single-Particle Tunneling in Doped Graphene-Insulator-Graphene Junctions
The characteristics of tunnel junctions formed between n- and p-doped
graphene are investigated theoretically. The single-particle tunnel current
that flows between the two-dimensional electronic states of the graphene (2D-2D
tunneling) is evaluated. At a voltage bias such that the Dirac points of the
two electrodes are aligned, a large resonant current peak is produced. The
magnitude and width of this peak is computed, and its use for devices is
discussed. The influence of both rotational alignment of the graphene
electrodes and structural perfection of the graphene is discussed.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures; added Section II(E) and associated figures, and
made other minor typographical correction
Energy-based Structure Prediction for d(Al70Co20Ni10)
We use energy minimization principles to predict the structure of a decagonal
quasicrystal - d(AlCoNi) - in the Cobalt-rich phase. Monte Carlo methods are
then used to explore configurations while relaxation and molecular dynamics are
used to obtain a more realistic structure once a low energy configuration has
been found. We find five-fold symmetric decagons 12.8 A in diameter as the
characteristic formation of this composition, along with smaller
pseudo-five-fold symmetric clusters filling the spaces between the decagons. We
use our method to make comparisons with a recent experimental approximant
structure model from Sugiyama et al (2002).Comment: 10pp, 2 figure
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