METÁSTASES À DISTÂNCIA DE TUMOR VENÉREO TRANSMISSÍVEL PENIANO EM CÃO

Transmissible venereal tumor is a round cell neoplasm caused by the transfer of tumor cells usually during copulation which affects the external genitalia of female and male dogs. Despite the benign character, its potential for malignancy increases in immunocompromised animals and tumors can spread to different parts of the body. Presents a simple diagnosis through cytopathological analysis and treatment consists in chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate as the initial choice, because it is economically viable, well tolerated and effective in most cases. The present study reports the case of a canine, male, SRD, 8 years old, presenting TVT in the penis and foreskin and significant clinical changes. It was submitted to five chemotherapy sessions with a veterinary colleague, but the treatment was not successful. Due to the clinical worsening during hospitalization and the poor prognosis of the case, the tutor opted for euthanasia. During the autopsy, nodules were found in the pancreas, kidneys, inguinal, sacral and illicit lymph nodes, besides the mass in the preputial and inguinal region. All of those were compatible with transmissible venereal tumor lymphocytoid subtype and its metastases. Because few cases of distant metastases from genital tumors were reported, presenting wide systemic involvement and refractory to conventional treatment, we opted for the description of this case.Tumor venéreo transmissível é uma neoplasia de células redondas causada pela transferência de células tumorais geralmente durante a cópula que afeta a genitália externa de cães fêmeas e machos. Apesar do caráter benigno, seu potencial de malignidade aumenta em animais imunocomprometidos e os tumores podem se espalhar para diferentes partes do corpo. Apresenta um diagnóstico simples através da análise citopatológica e o tratamento consiste na quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina como escolha inicial, por ser economicamente viável, bem tolerado e eficaz na maioria dos casos. O presente estudo relata o caso de um canino, macho, SRD, 8 anos de idade, apresentando TVT no pênis e prepúcio e alterações clínicas significativas. Foi submetido a cinco sessões de quimioterapia com um colega veterinário, mas o tratamento não teve sucesso. Devido ao agravamento clínico durante a internação e ao mau prognóstico do caso, a tutora optou pela eutanásia. Durante a autópsia, foram encontrados nódulos no pâncreas, rins, linfonodos inguinais, sacrais e ilícitos, além da massa na região prepucial e inguinal. Todos eram compatíveis com tumor venéreo transmissível subtipo linfocitoide e suas metástases. Como foram relatados poucos casos de metástases à distância de tumores genitais, apresentando amplo acometimento sistêmico e refratários ao tratamento convencional, optamos pela descrição deste caso

MASTOCITOMA DE ALTO GRAU EM BOLSA TESTICULAR EM CÃO

Mast cell tumor is the most common skin tumor in dogs. Due to mast cell proliferation, the affected animals present clinical symptoms compatible with the release of excess histamine granules present inside these cells leading to changes in the gastrointestinal and vascular tracts with the possibility of causing anaphylactic shock. The diagnosis is made by cytopathological analysis and classified by means of histopathology. Treatment is based on staging, surgical exeresis with antineoplastic chemotherapy and drug treatment to inhibit the effects of histamine release. A dog of 14 years old of Boxer breed was attend complaining of nodulation in the testicular bag with a two month evolution. Animal was diagnosed with mast cell tumor. Treatment was instituted by surgical excision and due to the metastatic possibility in regional lymph node, antineoplastic and drug therapy was indicated, which was not successful due of the person responsible non-adherence to the treatment. Mast cell tumor classified as high grade after histopathological analysis. Animal survived for two months after diagnosis of the disease. Due to the high grade of neoplastic presentation and difficulty in treatment, the animal had low survival, corroborating with data described in the literature regarding the poor prognosis of this tumor type.O mastocitoma é o tumor de pele mais comum em cães. Devido à proliferação de mastócitos, os animais acometidos apresentam quadro clínico compatível com a liberação do excesso de grânulos de histamina presentes no interior dessas células levando a alterações no trato gastrointestinal e vascular com possibilidade de causar choque anafilático. O diagnóstico é feito pela análise citopatológica e classificado pela histopatologia. O tratamento baseia-se no estadiamento, exérese cirúrgica com quimioterapia antineoplásica e tratamento medicamentoso para inibir os efeitos da liberação de histamina. Foi atendido um cão de 14 anos da raça Boxer com queixa de nodulação no saco testicular com dois meses de evolução. Animal foi diagnosticado com mastocitoma. Foi instituído tratamento por exérese cirúrgica e devido à possibilidade de metástase em linfonodo regional, foi indicada terapia antineoplásica e medicamentosa, que não obteve sucesso devido à não adesão do responsável ao tratamento. Mastocitoma classificado como de alto grau após análise histopatológica. Animal sobreviveu por dois meses após o diagnóstico da doença. Devido ao alto grau de apresentação neoplásica e dificuldade de tratamento, o animal teve baixa sobrevida, corroborando com dados descritos na literatura quanto ao mau prognóstico desse tipo de tumor

TORÇÃO UTERINA UNICORNUAL EM CADELA GESTANTE

Uterine torsion can be defined as the rotation of the uterine horn or body of the uterus, and it can be present in both clockwise and counterclockwise, its rotation can vary which directly affects the prognosis. It is a rare condition in bitches, and pregnancy is a factor commonly involved in this condition. The ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH) technique is the treatment of choice. A bitch of two years old of Pinscher breed was attend with a history of copula for approximately 30 days ago, manifesting anorexia, apathy and abdominal pain for two days. Animal was hypothermic, dehydrated, hypotensive, hypoglycemic and presented neutrophilia lynfocytosis with a left shift.  By performing the ultrasound examination, the presence of dead fetuses was observed. It was decided to initially stabilize the patient, subsequent OSH surgery was performed. Antibiotics and analgesics were administered during the hospitalization period, observing an improvement in the condition on the third day. The patient was discharged from hospital and a good recovery was observed on return. Despite the rare involvement of bitches in cases of uterine torsion, pregnancy can increase the risk of occurrences, the rapid intervention is of paramount importance for the prognosis, since in this case the treatment proposed by the literature was carried out, obtaining the total recovery of the patient.A torção uterina pode ser definida como a rotação do corno uterino ou corpo do útero, podendo estar presente tanto no sentido horário quanto no anti-horário, sua rotação pode variar o que afeta diretamente o prognóstico. É uma condição rara em cadelas, e a gravidez é um fator comumente envolvido nesta condição. A técnica de ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH) é o tratamento de escolha. Uma cadela de dois anos da raça Pinscher foi atendida com histórico de cópula há aproximadamente 30 dias, manifestando anorexia, apatia e dor abdominal há dois dias. Animal estava hipotérmico, desidratado, hipotenso, hipoglicêmico e apresentava linfocitose neutrofílica com desvio à esquerda. Ao realizar o exame ultrassonográfico, observou-se a presença de fetos mortos. Optou-se por inicialmente estabilizar o paciente, posteriormente foi realizada cirurgia de OSH. Antibióticos e analgésicos foram administrados durante o período de internação, observando-se melhora do quadro no terceiro dia. O paciente recebeu alta hospitalar e boa recuperação foi observada no retorno. Apesar do raro envolvimento de cadelas em casos de torção uterina, a gravidez pode aumentar o risco de ocorrências, a rápida intervenção é de suma importância para o prognóstico, pois neste caso foi realizado o tratamento proposto pela literatura, obtendo a recuperação total da o paciente

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O EFEITO DO PIROXICAM E DO TROCOXIL, NO CONTROLE DA INFLAMAÇÃO EM NEOPLASIAS MAMÁRIAS DE CADELAS UTILIZANDO A TERMOGRAFIA

Malignant mammary tumors are most prevalent neoplasms in bitches. Currently, it is known the influence of several factors and biological markers involved in tumors development, such as cyclooxygenase-2. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appears as a promising adjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of piroxicam and Trocoxil® (mavacoxib) in reduce the peritumoral temperature. At random, it was selected 16 middle-aged bitches presenting mammary tumor according the routine of the Veterinary Hospital. On day 0, after clinical examination and thermography of both mammary chains, piroxicam was prescribed to group 1 (n=12) (0.3mg/kg, VO, SID, 10 days) and to group 2 (n=4) was prescribed Trocoxil® (2mg/kg, VO, single dose). After 10 days, the animals returned for further evaluation and the second thermography. The images were analyzed, tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis by the SigmaPlot® program in a simple t-test, considering p<0.05. The results indicated that Trocoxil® showed a better ability to reduce peritumoral temperature than piroxicam after 10 days of treatment (p=0.041), suggesting this drug with better efficiency in the adjuvant treatment of mammary neoplasms in bitches.Os tumores mamários malignos são as neoplasias mais prevalentes em cadelas. Atualmente, é conhecida a influência de diversos fatores e marcadores biológicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de tumores, como a ciclooxigenase-2. O uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais surge como tratamento adjuvante promissor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a eficácia do piroxicam e Trocoxil® (mavacoxib) na redução da temperatura peritumoral. Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 16 cadelas de meia idade apresentando tumor mamário de acordo com a rotina do Hospital Veterinário. No dia 0, após exame clínico e termografia de ambas as cadeias mamárias, foi prescrito piroxicam para o grupo 1 (n=12) (0,3mg/kg, VO, SID, 10 dias) e para o grupo 2 (n=4) foi prescrito Trocoxil ® (2mg/kg, VO, dose única). Após 10 dias, os animais retornaram para nova avaliação e segunda termografia. As imagens foram analisadas, tabuladas e submetidas à análise estatística pelo programa SigmaPlot® em teste t simples, considerando p<0,05. Os resultados indicaram que o Trocoxil® apresentou melhor capacidade de reduzir a temperatura peritumoral do que o piroxicam após 10 dias de tratamento (p=0,041), sugerindo esta droga com melhor eficiência no tratamento adjuvante de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas

Acetazolamide to Prevent Adverse Altitude Effects in COPD and Healthy Adults

Background We evaluated the efficacy of acetazolamide in preventing adverse altitude effects in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in healthy lowlanders 40 years of age or older. Methods Trial 1 was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-design trial in which 176 patients with COPD were treated with acetazolamide capsules (375 mg/day) or placebo, starting 24 hours before staying for 2 days at 3100 m. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 57±9 years, and 34% were women. At 760 m, COPD patients had oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry of 92% or greater, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide less than 45 mm Hg, and mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 63±11% of predicted. The primary outcome in trial 1 was the incidence of the composite end point of altitude-related adverse health effects (ARAHE) at 3100 m. Criteria for ARAHE included acute mountain sickness (AMS) and symptoms or findings relevant to well-being and safety, such as severe hypoxemia, requiring intervention. Trial 2 comprised 345 healthy lowlanders. Their mean age was 53±7 years, and 69% were women. The participants in trial 2 underwent the same protocol as did the patients with COPD in trial 1. The primary outcome in trial 2 was the incidence of AMS assessed at 3100 m by the Lake Louise questionnaire score (the scale of self-assessed symptoms ranges from 0 to 15 points, indicating absent to severe, with 3 or more points including headache, indicating AMS). Results In trial 1 of patients with COPD, 68 of 90 (76%) receiving placebo and 42 of 86 (49%) receiving acetazolamide experienced ARAHE (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37 to 0.79; P<0.001). The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one case of ARAHE was 4 (95% CI, 3 to 8). In trial 2 of healthy individuals, 54 of 170 (32%) receiving placebo and 38 of 175 (22%) receiving acetazolamide experienced AMS (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.80; chi-square statistic P=0.035). The NNT to prevent one case of AMS was 10 (95% CI, 5 to 141). No serious adverse events occurred in these trials. Conclusions Preventive treatment with acetazolamide reduced the incidence of adverse altitude effects requiring an intervention in patients with COPD and the incidence of AMS in healthy lowlanders 40 years of age or older during a high-altitude sojourn. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation [Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung], Lunge Zürich, and the Swiss Lung Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT03156231 and NCT03561675.

Search for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65−60065-600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in pppp Collision Data at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeVTeV

A search for scalar particles decaying via narrow resonances into two photons in the mass range 65–600 GeV is performed using $20.3\text{}\text{}{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=8\text{}\text{}\mathrm{TeV}$ $pp$ collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The recently discovered Higgs boson is treated as a background. No significant evidence for an additional signal is observed. The results are presented as limits at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of a scalar boson times branching ratio into two photons, in a fiducial volume where the reconstruction efficiency is approximately independent of the event topology. The upper limits set extend over a considerably wider mass range than previous searches