211 research outputs found

    RÔLE DE LA LEUCINE CONTRE LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE LA SARCOPÉNIE

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    A progressive loss of muscle mass has been well described in both humans and rodents during ageing. This loss of proteins results from an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation rates. Although some authors have shown a decrease of myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in human volunteers, this imbalance is not clearly apparent when basal rates of protein turnover are measured. A decrease in muscle protein synthesis stimulation has nevertheless been detected in ageing rats during the postprandial period, suggesting that the ‘meal signal’ is altered during ageing. Many results now suggest that aged muscle is less sensitive to the stimulatory effect of amino acids at physiological concentrations, but is still able to respond if the increase in aminoacidaemia is sufficiently large. Indeed, amino acids play an important role in regulating muscle protein turnover both in vitro and in vivo. Of amino acids, leucine seems to play the key role in regulating the metabolic function. It inhibits proteolysis and stimulates muscle protein synthesis independently of insulin. Leucine has been shown to act as a mediator, by modulating specifically the activities of intracellular kinases linked to the translation of proteins such as phosphatidylinositol 3_ kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin – 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 (p70S6K) kinases. We recently demonstrated in vitro that protein synthesis in ageing rat muscles becomes resistant to the stimulatory effect of leucine in its physiological concentration range. Protein synthesis was however stimulated normally when the leucine concentration was increased well above its postprandial level. We also studied the effect of meal leucine supplementation on in vivo protein synthesis in adult and ageing rats. Leucine supplementation had no additional effect on muscle protein synthesis in adults but totally restored its stimulation in ageing rats. Whether chronic oral leucine supplementation would be beneficial for maintaining muscle protein mass in elderly humans remains to be studied.Une diminution de la masse musculaire au cours du vieillissement est aujourd'hui bien dĂ©crite chez l'Homme et l'animal. Cette perte de protĂ©ines rĂ©sulte d'un dĂ©sĂ©quilibre entre synthĂšse et dĂ©gradation des protĂ©ines musculaires. Bien que certains auteurs aient pu montrer une diminution de la synthĂšse des protĂ©ines myofibrillaires chez l'Homme, ce dĂ©sĂ©quilibre est difficilement apparent dans la plupart des Ă©tudes menĂ©es Ă  l'Ă©tat post-absorptif. Cependant, une altĂ©ration de la stimulation de la synthĂšse des protĂ©ines a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence chez le rat ĂągĂ© au cours de la phase post-prandiale suggĂ©rant que « l'effet repas » normalement observĂ© Ă©tait altĂ©rĂ© au cours du vieillissement. Plusieurs travaux ont montrĂ© que le muscle ĂągĂ© Ă©tait moins sensible Ă  l'effet anabolique des acides aminĂ©s aux concentrations physiologiques mais qu'il Ă©tait toujours en mesure de rĂ©pondre si d'importantes hyper-aminoacidĂ©mies Ă©taient gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es. En effet les acides aminĂ©s jouent un rĂŽle majeur dans la rĂ©gulation du mĂ©tabolisme protĂ©ique, que ce soit in vivo ou in vitro. Parmi eux, la leucine semble ĂȘtre celui qui prĂ©sente le plus fort effet. La leucine seule est capable d'inhiber la protĂ©olyse et de stimuler la synthĂšse protĂ©ique indĂ©pendamment de l'insuline. Cet acide aminĂ©, en plus d'ĂȘtre un substrat, est Ă©galement un vĂ©ritable mĂ©diateur cellulaire en modulant spĂ©cifiquement les activitĂ©s de plusieurs kinases impliquĂ©es dans la rĂ©gulation de l'initiation de la synthĂšse des protĂ©ines i.e phosphatidylinositol 3_ kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin-70 kDa ribosomal protein 56 (p70S6K) kinases. Nous avons montrĂ© rĂ©cemment in vitro que la synthĂšse protĂ©ique musculaire devenait rĂ©sistante Ă  l'effet stimulateur de la leucine chez le rat ĂągĂ© dans l'intervalle de ces concentrations physiologique. Cependant, si les concentrations de leucine Ă©taient largement supĂ©rieures aux valeurs post-prandiales, la protĂ©osynthĂšse Ă©tait stimulĂ©e normalement. Nous avons donc Ă©tudiĂ© l'effet d'une supplĂ©mentation en leucine du rĂ©gime sur la protĂ©osynthĂšse du rat adulte et ĂągĂ© in vivo. Cette supplĂ©mentation n'a pas eu d'effet additionnel chez l'adulte mais a permis de restaurer totalement la rĂ©gulation post-prandiale du mĂ©tabolisme protĂ©ique musculaire chez l'ĂągĂ©. L'effet bĂ©nĂ©fique d'une telle supplĂ©mentation en nutrition entĂ©rale chronique sur le maintien de la masse musculaire au cours du vieillissement reste cependant Ă  Ă©tudier

    Insulin binding to skeletal muscle membranes in gowing ruminating sheep fed different diets.

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    National audienc

    Insulin binding sites in solubilized membranes from rat testis. Effect of age.

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    International audienc

    Erythrocyte insulin and IGF-Ibinding in CF

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    International audienc

    Effect of short-term starvation on leydig cell function in adult rats

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    International audienc

    Plasma insulin and insulin kinetics in growing sheep. Influence of age and diet.

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    International audienc
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