29 research outputs found
Assessment of health promotion activities at the workplace in food industry companies
Rezumat
Obiective. În prezent pattern-ul epidemiologic pune în evidență faptul că principalele cauze de deces sunt bolile cronice netransmisibile, precum
boala ischemică a cordului, accidentul vascular cerebral, cancerul și ciroza hepatică, diabetul, etc. Mai multe studii au evidențiat că adițional
factorilor de risc comportamentali, la dezvoltarea și menținerea acestor categorii de maladii, un rol semnificativ revine și factorilor profesionali de
risc. Organizația Mondială a Sănătății subliniază că locul de muncă este un cadru propice pentru promovarea sănătății și bunăstării, inclusiv prin
asigurarea unui mediu de lucru fizic și psihosocial sigur și sănătos. Scopul studiului este de a evalua necesitățile și activitățile de promovare a sănătății
în unitățile economice din industria alimentației.
Material și metode. Au fost analizate 4 întreprinderi din industria alimentației, lideri în panificație, producerea laptelui, băuturilor carbogazoase
și articolelor de cofetărie. S-a studiat starea de sănătate a salariaților, factorii profesionali de risc, programele de promovare a sănătății la locul de
muncă. Frecvențele absolute și raporturile procentuale au fost utilizate pentru analiza descriptivă a studiului. Testul de independență χ2
, modelul
regresiei multinominale și analiza triplă ANOVA au fost utilizate pentru analizele inferențiale (Softul IBM SPSS, Statistics 23).
Rezultate. În perioada anilor 2010-2020 s-a modificat raportul dintre rata morbidității cronice și a celei primare, cu reducerea statistic semnificativă
a ratei morbidității cronice la 1.000 de salariați față de rata morbidității primare (z=14,6; p<0,001). Cel mai mare procent de adresări, din partea
lucrătorilor, la medicii specialiștii a fost înregistrat la: terapeut (38,0%), ginecolog (14,9%), și chirurg (13,1%). Anual, 236,0±107,00 angajați expuși
factorilor profesionali de risc sunt eligibili pentru efectuarea examenelor medicale periodice obligatorii, dintre care 49,1±12,05% sunt femei.
Rata de acoperire fiind de 91,5±6,00% și 94,1±2,93% în rândul femeilor. În cadrul examenelor respective sunt diagnosticați pentru prima dată
cu boli cronice generale 0-17% (în mediu 10,2±5,13%) persoane examinate, inclusiv 0-15,8% (în mediu 9,2±4,61%) în rândul femeilor. În toate
întreprinderile sunt implementate măsuri de respectare a exigențelor de securitate și sănătate în muncă în conformitate cu prevederile actelor
normative în domeniu cât și de măsurile de combatere a fumatului prevăzute în Legea 278 din 14.12.2007 privind controlul tutunului.
Concluzii. Mediul ocupațional din industria alimentară se caracterizează prin prezența factorilor profesionali de risc cu impact asupra dezvoltării bolilor netransmisibile majore. În întreprinderi sunt implementate doar intervențiile de promovare a sănătății, impuse prin reglementări. Este
imperativ de a valorifica locul de muncă ca mediu propice pentru promovarea sănătății, prin crearea rețelei naționale a locurilor de muncă care
promovează sănătatea în termeni proximi.Summary
Objectives. Currently, the epidemiological pattern highlights the fact that the main causes of death are non-communicable chronic diseases, such
as ischemic heart disease, stroke, cancer and liver cirrhosis, diabetes, etc. Several studies have shown that in addition to behavioral risk factors,
professional risk factors play a significant role in the development and maintenance of this category of pathology. The World Health Organization
emphasizes that the workplace is an enabling environment for promoting health and well-being, including by ensuring a safe and healthy physical
and psychosocial work environment. The purpose of the study is to assess the needs and activities of health promotion in economic units in the food
industry.
Material and methods. A total of 4 enterprises from the food industry, leaders in bakery, production of milk, carbonated beverages and
confectionery, were analyzed. The state of health of the employees, the professional risk factors, the health promotion programs at the workplace
were studied. Absolute frequencies and percentage ratios were used for descriptive analysis of the study. The χ2
test of independence, multinomial
regression model and three-way ANOVA analysis were used for inferential analyzes (IBM SPSS software, Statistics 23).
Results. Between 2010 and 2020, the ratio between the chronic and primary morbidity rate changed, with a statistically significant reduction in the
chronic morbidity rate per 1.000 employees compared to the primary morbidity rate (z=14.6; p<0.001). The highest percentage of workers attending
medical specialists was recorded at the therapist (38.0%), gynecologist (14.9%), and surgeon (13.1%). Annually, 236.0±107.00 employees exposed
to occupational risk factors are eligible for mandatory periodical medical examinations, of which 49.1±12.05% are women. The coverage rate being
91.5±6.00% and 94.1±2.93% among women. During the respective examinations, 0-17% (on average 10.2±5.13%) of people examined are
diagnosed for the first time with general chronic diseases, including 0-15.8% (on average 9.2±4.61%) among women. In all enterprises, measures are implemented to comply with the occupational health and safety requirements provided by the health legislation, measures to combat tobacco
smoking provided by Law 278 of 14.12.2007 on tobacco control.
Conclusions. The occupational environment in the food industry is characterized by the presence of occupational risk factors with an impact on the
development of major non-communicable diseases. Only health promotion interventions imposed by regulations are implemented in enterprises. It
is imperative to capitalize on the workplace as an enabling environment for health promotion, by creating the national network of health-promoting
workplaces in the near term
Caracteristica igienică a solului influenţată de procesul salubrizării în mun. Chişinău
În articol este elucidată informaţia privind starea de management şi de monitorizare a procesului de salubrizare de
deşeuri menagere solide a localităţilor urbane şi rurale ale mun. Chişinău. Sunt prezentate rezultatele investigaţiilor de
laborator a probelor de sol recoltate din teritoriul zonei de trai, terenurile de joacă pentru copii şi zonele de agrement în
dinamică şi ponderea probelor neconforme la indicatorii sanitaro-chimici, microbiologici şi parazitologici
Multi-task learning for joint weakly-supervised segmentation and aortic arch anomaly classification in fetal cardiac MRI
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a group of cardiac malformations present
already during fetal life, representing the prevailing category of birth
defects globally. Our aim in this study is to aid 3D fetal vessel topology
visualisation in aortic arch anomalies, a group which encompasses a range of
conditions with significant anatomical heterogeneity. We present a multi-task
framework for automated multi-class fetal vessel segmentation from 3D black
blood T2w MRI and anomaly classification. Our training data consists of binary
manual segmentation masks of the cardiac vessels' region in individual subjects
and fully-labelled anomaly-specific population atlases. Our framework combines
deep learning label propagation using VoxelMorph with 3D Attention U-Net
segmentation and DenseNet121 anomaly classification. We target 11 cardiac
vessels and three distinct aortic arch anomalies, including double aortic arch,
right aortic arch, and suspected coarctation of the aorta. We incorporate an
anomaly classifier into our segmentation pipeline, delivering a multi-task
framework with the primary motivation of correcting topological inaccuracies of
the segmentation. The hypothesis is that the multi-task approach will encourage
the segmenter network to learn anomaly-specific features. As a secondary
motivation, an automated diagnosis tool may have the potential to enhance
diagnostic confidence in a decision support setting. Our results showcase that
our proposed training strategy significantly outperforms label propagation and
a network trained exclusively on propagated labels. Our classifier outperforms
a classifier trained exclusively on T2w volume images, with an average balanced
accuracy of 0.99 (0.01) after joint training. Adding a classifier improves the
anatomical and topological accuracy of all correctly classified double aortic
arch subjects.Comment: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for
Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://melba-journal.org/2023:01
3D T2w fetal body MRI:automated organ volumetry, growth charts and population-averaged atlas
Structural fetal body MRI provides true 3D information required for volumetry of fetal organs. However, current clinical and research practice primarily relies on manual slice-wise segmentation of raw T2-weighted stacks, which is time consuming, subject to inter- and intra-observer bias and affected by motion-corruption. Furthermore, there are no existing standard guidelines defining a universal approach to parcellation of fetal organs. This work produces the first parcellation protocol of the fetal body organs for motion-corrected 3D fetal body MRI. It includes 10 organ ROIs relevant to fetal quantitative volumetry studies. We also introduce the first population-averaged T2w MRI atlas of the fetal body. The protocol was used as a basis for training of a neural network for automated organ segmentation. It showed robust performance for different gestational ages. This solution minimises the need for manual editing and significantly reduces time. The general feasibility of the proposed pipeline was also assessed by analysis of organ growth charts created from automated parcellations of 91 normal control 3T MRI datasets that showed expected increase in volumetry during 22-38 weeks gestational age range. In addition, the results of comparison between 60 normal and 12 fetal growth restriction datasets revealed significant differences in organ volumes.</p
Magn Reson Med
To improve motion robustness of functional fetal MRI scans by developing an intrinsic real-time motion correction method. MRI provides an ideal tool to characterize fetal brain development and growth. It is, however, a relatively slow imaging technique and therefore extremely susceptible to subject motion, particularly in functional MRI experiments acquiring multiple Echo-Planar-Imaging-based repetitions, for example, diffusion MRI or blood-oxygen-level-dependency MRI. A 3D UNet was trained on 125 fetal datasets to track the fetal brain position in each repetition of the scan in real time. This tracking, inserted into a Gadgetron pipeline on a clinical scanner, allows updating the position of the field of view in a modified echo-planar imaging sequence. The method was evaluated in real-time in controlled-motion phantom experiments and ten fetal MR studies (17 + 4-34 + 3 gestational weeks) at 3T. The localization network was additionally tested retrospectively on 29 low-field (0.55T) datasets. Our method achieved real-time fetal head tracking and prospective correction of the acquisition geometry. Localization performance achieved Dice scores of 84.4% and 82.3%, respectively for both the unseen 1.5T/3T and 0.55T fetal data, with values higher for cephalic fetuses and increasing with gestational age. Our technique was able to follow the fetal brain even for fetuses under 18 weeks GA in real-time at 3T and was successfully applied "offline" to new cohorts on 0.55T. Next, it will be deployed to other modalities such as fetal diffusion MRI and to cohorts of pregnant participants diagnosed with pregnancy complications, for example, pre-eclampsia and congenital heart disease
Previously undiagnosed serotonin toxicity: from pre-anaesthetic assessment to postoperative management – a case report
Serotonin syndrome (SS), also known as serotonin toxicity, is a life-threatening condition induced by certain drugs that affect serotonin metabolism. We report a case of SS, induced by a combination of three drugs encountered in a patient with a previously suspected allergy to metoclopramide and pitofenone discovered as an "anaesthetic incident”. In the immediate postoperative period, following the administration of antiemetic and analgesic treatment, the patient presented generalized myoclonus and intense abdominal pain. The diagnosis of SS was established using the Hunter Criteria. After the discontinuation of potentially triggering medication and anticonvulsant therapy, the patient was discharged from the ICU with complete resolution within six days. Given the increased use in clinical practice of drugs that may interfere with serotonin metabolism, the rising prevalence of mental health and the increasing use of illicit drugs, it is essential for anaesthetists to be aware of the potential for SS occurrence.
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