Avaliação de perdas no rendimento de grãos de trigo causadas por Pyricularia grisea, no período de 1988 a 1992, em Mato Grosso do Sul.

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Amostragem de plantas, preparo de amostras e remessa ao laboratório para identificação de doença.

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Quanto custa tratar as sementes de soja, milho e algodão com fungicidas?

As sementes de soja e os fungos; As sementes de milho e os fungos; As sementes de algodao e os fungos; Custo do tratamento de sementes

Um software para extração de ESTs, CONTIGS e SINGLETS do CAFEST.

Uma das dificuldades encontrada atualmente para os usuários da base de dados do Projeto Brasileiro do Genoma Café (CafEST) é a dificuldade em extrair manualmente todas as sequências armazenadas em seus projetos, no sistema Gene Projects. A partir dessa necessidade, foi desenvolvido um software para fazer a automatização do processo. Desta forma, o usuário do CafEST passa a dispor da comodidade de apenas informar ao programa quais projetos ele deseja que tenham as ESTs, contigs ou singlets extraídos. O programa consiste em dois scripts, um para fazer a extração das ESTs e outro para fazer a extração dos contigs e dos singlets. Os dois scripts retiram do CafEST apenas as ESTs, os contigs e singlets e salvam cada um desses em um arquivo do tipo FASTA. Isto facilita o uso dos mesmos em outras bases de dados e/ou ferramentas de bioinformátic

Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

BACKGROUND: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. METHODS: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. FINDINGS: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4-40·7) to 50·3% (50·0-50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1-46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5-29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2-89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664-711) of the 1830 (1797-1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6-80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6-59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. INTERPRETATION: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Ocorrência de fungos em sementes de cevada produzidas em sistema irrigado por pivô central no cerrado brasileiro.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a ocorrência de fungos em sementes de cevada produzidas em sistema irrigado por pivô central na região do Distrito Federal e entorno.bitstream/item/38772/1/BP200418.pd