15 research outputs found
Radiotherapy-Induced Hearing Loss in Patients with Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Carcinomas
The purpose of this study was to investigate a hypothesized correlation of development of a sensorineural hearing loss and radiotherapy in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. This prospective study included a total of 50 patients, which after strict exclusion critera (audiologic problems before RT, primary tumors of the auditory system, spread of the primary tumor to any part of the auditory system) resulted in 23 analyzed patients, ranging between 50 and 76 years of age, with a mean age of 60. Audiometry measuring frequency-specific thresholds was performed in three time points: one month before radiotherapy, one and six months after radiotherapy. A significant statistical difference in hearing tresholds after radiotherapy was found in 6 out of 23 patients. An obvious tendency towards hearing loss without statistical significance at 250 and 4000 Hz was found for a whole tested population (pā¤0.3 with Bonferroni correction). Observed tendency towards hearing loss after radiotherapy of laryngeal carcinoma was related to side of the tumor and less severe when chemotherapy was not added as adjuvant therapy. These results should help to decrease a rate of hearing loss by careful planing of ear protection, by using observed frequencies as relevant markers of hearing loss and by reconsidering adjuvant chemoterapy during radiotherapy of laryngeal carcinoma
Tussive syncope: case report
Tusigena sinkopa ili osjeÄaj prijeteÄe nesvjestice za vrijeme kaÅ”ljanja, najÄeÅ”Äe se javlja kod sredovjeÄnih, umjereno pretilih muÅ”karaca koji puÅ”e ili su bivÅ”i puÅ”aÄi. Razlozi zbog kojih muÅ”ki spol i
pretilost utjeÄu na sklonost tusigenoj sinkopi nisu poznati. VeÄina pacijenata takoÄer pati od suhog kaÅ”lja, epizoda teÅ”kog kaÅ”lja, a prisutni su i znaci opstrukcijske pluÄne bolesti. Postoji niz moguÄih
mehanizama. Prvi mehanizam objaÅ”njava da, kada osoba kaÅ”lje, dolazi do porasta intratorakalnog tlaka, koji ima za posljedicu akutni pad otjecanja venske krvi i krvnoga tlaka. PosljediÄno, dolazi do
usporavanja moždanog krvotoka, Å”to u konaÄnici dovodi do gubitka svijesti. Drugi moguÄi mehanizam podrazumijeva slabljenje moždane perfuzije, kao posljedice rasta tlaka likvora. Uz ove procese, sinkopu
nalazimo i kod pacijenata sa sindromom hipersenzitivnog karotidnog sinusa, gastroezofagealne refluksne bolesti, itd. Tusigena sinkopa spada u skupinu situacijskih sinkopa koje se manifestiraju nakon odreÄenih dogaÄaja: npr. defekacije, mikcije, gutanja ili kaÅ”ljanja. Ovdje prikazujemo dijagnostiÄke smjernice na sluÄaju 45-godiÅ”njeg pacijenta koji pati od tusigene sinkope i lijeÄi se u Klinici za pluÄne bolesti KliniÄke bolnice Split.Tussive syncope, or cough syncope, is most often found in middle-aged, moderately obese men, who smoke or have stopped smoking. The reason why the male gender and obesity are predisposing
factors for cough syncope is unknown. The majority of patients also suffer from chronic cough, episodes of severe cough, and clinical evidence of obstructive pulmonary disease. There are several proposed mechanisms. The first is that when a person coughs, intrathoracic pressure rises and obstructs venous outflow, which results in an acute decrease of cardiac output and blood pressure. As a result, the cerebral flow also decreases, which finally causes loss of consciousness. A second possible mechanism is the decrease of cerebral perfusion, as a consequence of increased pressure of the
cerebrospinal liquor. Besides these mechanisms, tussive syncope is also found in patients with hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux, etc. Tussive syncope is considered as
one of the situational syncopes, which take place after certain processes: e.g. defecation, micturition, swallowing and coughing. We will present the diagnostic guidelines through the case of a 45 year-old patient with tussive syncope, treated at the Split University Hospital Department for Pulmonary Diseases
MiasteniÄna kriza kao nuspojava lijeÄenja metimazolom: Prikaz sluÄaja
Myasthenia gravis and Gravesā disease are two autoimmune diseases with a similar mechanism, both having circulating organ autoantibodies and cell specific autoantibodies. It is not unusual for these diseases to occur together. There is a large body of data proving that antithyroid drugs such as methimazole and propylthiouracil have an immunomodulatory effect in addition to their thyrosuppressant action. This case report describes a 34-year-old woman hospitalized for just diagnosed myasthenic crisis (Osserman IV). She had a prior history of hyperthyroidism and treatment with methimazole was initiated. However, improvement in thyroid disease led to the burst of myasthenia. The phenomenon described as worsening of one disease while improving the other, the so-called āsee-sawā relationship, occurred in this case. The question is whether antithyroid drugs improve hyperthyroidism while unveiling or worsening myasthenia. Is the āsee-sawā relationship actually a therapeutic side effect of antithyroid drug? The proposed mechanism of methimazole action is intracellular: it lowers the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA proĀ¬motes selective apoptosis in some T lymphocyte clones. In this way, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells might āskipā immune self-tolerance and autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor may occur. Do antithyroid drugs actually create an immune āthymic surroundingā?Miastenija gravis i Gravesova bolest su dvije autoimune bolestI sa sliÄnim mehanizmom nastanka, u objema se nalaze cirkulirajuÄa antitijela te staniÄno specifiÄna autoantitijela. Pojava navedenih bolesti zajedno nije neuobiÄajena. Postoji mnogo podataka koji pokazuju da antitireoidni lijekovi kao Å”to su metimazol i propiltiouracil uz tireosupresivno djelovanje imaju i imunomodulacijski uÄinak. Opisuje se sluÄaj 34-godiÅ”nje bolesnice koja je hospitalizirana zbog prvi puta dijagnosticirane miastenije sa slikom miasteniÄne krize (Osserman IV.). U njenoj ranijoj povijesti bolesti navodila se hipertireoza, zbog Äega je zapoÄeto lijeÄenje metimazolom. MeÄutim, uz poboljÅ”anje bolesti Å”titnjaÄe doÅ”lo je do pojave miastenije. Fenomen āklackaliceā, tj. see-saw relationship, je pojava opisana kao poboljÅ”anje jedne bolesti za vrijeme pogorÅ”anja druge. Pitanje je poboljÅ”avaju li antitireoidni lijekovi hipertireozu, u isto vrijeme razotkrivajuÄi ili pogorÅ”avajuÄi miasteniju?. Jeli fenomen āklackaliceā zapravo nuspojava tireostatika? Pretpostavljeni uÄinak metimazola je unutarstaniÄni: on snižava razinu nuklearnog antigena staniÄne proliferacije (PCNA). PCNA potiÄe selektivnu apoptozu u nekim klonovima T limfocita. Na taj bi naÄin CD4+CD25+ regulatorni T limfociti mogli āzaobiÄiā imunu toleranciju prema vlastitom tkivu te dovesti do pojave autoantitijela protiv acetilkolinskog receptora. Stvaraju li zapravo doista antitireoidni lijekovi okruženje sliÄno onome u timusu
Šum u uhu - sadaŔnje stanje i terapija privikavanjem
Tinnitus is an abnormal noise in the ear. About six percent of the general population suffers from what they consider to be "severe" tinnitus. Tinnitus can come and go, or be continuous. It can sound like a low roar, or a high-pitched ring. Tinnitus may be bilateral or unilateral. The causes of tinnitus are various, e.g., inner ear injury, 8th nerve lesion, injury of the brainstem, and rarely of the brain. There also are many extracranial causes of tinnitus. Upon making the diagnosis of tinnitus, medical therapy may occasionally help lessen the noise even though the cause has not been identified. Current therapy for tinnitus, so-called tinnitus retraining therapy, first includes learning about what does actually cause the tinnitus. This process is called habituation of reaction. Tinnitus then becomes quieter for long period of time and may eventually disappear, or becomes part of the background .sound of silence (habituation of perception). In some cases, changes in the inner ear function may be important in triggering the occurrence of tinnitus (e.g., Meniere\u27s disease or acute acoustic trauma); however, the retraining approach works independently of the triggering factor. Despite the importance of hearing loss, a recent study in tinnitus patients showed that there was no significant difference in hearing between the tinnitus group and control group of healthy subjects.Å um u uhu je pojava nenormalne buke u uhu. Otprilike 6% populacije pati od tzv. jakog Å”uma u uhu. Å um se može pojaviti i nestati, ali može biti i trajan. Može zvuÄati poput duboke tutnjave ili zvonjave visokih tonova. Može nastati u oba uha ili samo u jednom. Uzroci Å”uma mogu biti razliÄiti, npr. oÅ”teÄenje unutarnjeg uha, ozljeda osmog moždanog živca ili moždanog debla, ili pak rjeÄe ozljeda mozga. Ekstrakranijski uzroci Å”uma takoÄer su brojni. Nakon postavljanja dijagnoze osjet buke u uhu može se ublažiti upotrebom lijekova, iako uzrok Å”uma jo. nije utvrÄen. U suvremenom naÄinu lijeÄenja Å”uma, tzv. lijeÄenju metodom privikavanja (tinnitus retraining therapy), najprije treba utvrditi Å”to je zapravo prouzroÄilo nastanak Å”uma. Taj se proces zove "privikavanje na nastalu situaciju". Å um se tako može ublažiti na dulje vrijeme, a na kraju može i sasvim nestati ili se stopiti sa zvuÄnom pozadinom (habituacija percepcije). Promjene u unutarnjem uhu u nekim sluÄajevima mogu potaknuti naglu pojavu Å”uma u uhu (npr. Meniereova bolest ili akutna akustiÄka trauma), ali valja naglasiti da lijeÄenje metodom privikavanja daje dobre rezultate bez obzira na to Å”to je u osnovi nastanka Å”uma. UnatoÄ važnosti gubitka sluha najnovija ispitivanja u bolesnika sa Å”umom pokazuju da nema znaÄajnih razlika u sluhu izmeÄu bolesnika sa Å”umom i skupine zdravih ispitanika
Šum u uhu - sadaŔnje stanje i terapija privikavanjem
Tinnitus is an abnormal noise in the ear. About six percent of the general population suffers from what they consider to be "severe" tinnitus. Tinnitus can come and go, or be continuous. It can sound like a low roar, or a high-pitched ring. Tinnitus may be bilateral or unilateral. The causes of tinnitus are various, e.g., inner ear injury, 8th nerve lesion, injury of the brainstem, and rarely of the brain. There also are many extracranial causes of tinnitus. Upon making the diagnosis of tinnitus, medical therapy may occasionally help lessen the noise even though the cause has not been identified. Current therapy for tinnitus, so-called tinnitus retraining therapy, first includes learning about what does actually cause the tinnitus. This process is called habituation of reaction. Tinnitus then becomes quieter for long period of time and may eventually disappear, or becomes part of the background .sound of silence (habituation of perception). In some cases, changes in the inner ear function may be important in triggering the occurrence of tinnitus (e.g., Meniere\u27s disease or acute acoustic trauma); however, the retraining approach works independently of the triggering factor. Despite the importance of hearing loss, a recent study in tinnitus patients showed that there was no significant difference in hearing between the tinnitus group and control group of healthy subjects.Å um u uhu je pojava nenormalne buke u uhu. Otprilike 6% populacije pati od tzv. jakog Å”uma u uhu. Å um se može pojaviti i nestati, ali može biti i trajan. Može zvuÄati poput duboke tutnjave ili zvonjave visokih tonova. Može nastati u oba uha ili samo u jednom. Uzroci Å”uma mogu biti razliÄiti, npr. oÅ”teÄenje unutarnjeg uha, ozljeda osmog moždanog živca ili moždanog debla, ili pak rjeÄe ozljeda mozga. Ekstrakranijski uzroci Å”uma takoÄer su brojni. Nakon postavljanja dijagnoze osjet buke u uhu može se ublažiti upotrebom lijekova, iako uzrok Å”uma jo. nije utvrÄen. U suvremenom naÄinu lijeÄenja Å”uma, tzv. lijeÄenju metodom privikavanja (tinnitus retraining therapy), najprije treba utvrditi Å”to je zapravo prouzroÄilo nastanak Å”uma. Taj se proces zove "privikavanje na nastalu situaciju". Å um se tako može ublažiti na dulje vrijeme, a na kraju može i sasvim nestati ili se stopiti sa zvuÄnom pozadinom (habituacija percepcije). Promjene u unutarnjem uhu u nekim sluÄajevima mogu potaknuti naglu pojavu Å”uma u uhu (npr. Meniereova bolest ili akutna akustiÄka trauma), ali valja naglasiti da lijeÄenje metodom privikavanja daje dobre rezultate bez obzira na to Å”to je u osnovi nastanka Å”uma. UnatoÄ važnosti gubitka sluha najnovija ispitivanja u bolesnika sa Å”umom pokazuju da nema znaÄajnih razlika u sluhu izmeÄu bolesnika sa Å”umom i skupine zdravih ispitanika
Local or Spinal Anesthesia in Acute Knee Surgery
The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy, safety and complications of two anesthetic techniques including local and spinal anesthesia. A total of 436 patients received local (LA group=250) or spinal (SA group=186) anesthesia during a year period. SA group received 0.5% Bupivacaine 5 mg/mL. LA group received portal injection (5 mL lidocaine 2% with adrenaline) and intra-articular injection into the knee (10 mL lidocaine 2% with adrenaline). The following parameters were assessed: intraoperative pain (10 cm VAS: 0=no pain, 10=extreme pain), surgical operating conditions, patient satisfaction score (1=very satisfied, 4=very unsatisfied), postoperative analgesia, and time to discharge. In LA group, 97.6% (244/250) of patients experienced no pain throughout the procedure. Only six (2.4%) patients required conversion to general anesthesia. In SA group, two patients required conversion to general anesthesia. In both groups, 93.6% of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with their anesthesia. The need of postoperative analgesics was higher in SA compared with LA group (p=0.001). The mean postoperative stay was significantly shorter in LA than in SA group (p=0.001). Ninety-four percent of LA and only 68% of SA patients were discharged from the hospital within 2 hours of the procedure. The rate of complications differed significantly between LA and SA groups (p=0.037). Outpatient arthroscopy of the knee under local anesthesia is a simple, reliable, and safe alternative to spinal anesthesia, for patients in whom intraarticular disorders requiring diagnostic arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery
The effect of injection speed on haemodynamic changes immediate after lidocaine/adrenaline infiltration of nasal submucosa under general anaesthesia
Background and Purpose: Substantial systemic absorption after adrenaline-containing local anaesthetic infiltration can cause transitional changes in heart rate and arterial blood pressure in humans even during general anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of injection speed of local infiltration of adrenaline- containing lidocaine solution on transitional
haemodynamic changes during local infiltration of nasal submucosa
under general anaesthesia.
Patients and Methods: A retrospective, comparative, non-randomised,
open study on 1ā2 ASA physical status 83 patients, aged 18 to 81 years, scheduled for septoplasty, septorhinoplasty, classical or functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed. All patients received the submucosal infiltration of 2%lidocaine containing adrenaline solution (2ml) plus adrenaline (0.025 mg) plus plain 2% lidocaine solution (5ml) before surgical incision. Two different infiltration techniques were identified: fast infiltration
(Group F, n=40) and slower, incremental infiltation (Group S, n=43).
Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before, five minutes after and ten minutes after infiltration.
Results: There was no significant difference in HR, SAP,DAP nor MAP
between the F group and the S group. There was significant decrease of HR (p=0.006), SAP (p=0.018), DAP (p=0.029), and MAP (p=0.010) at 10 minutes point within the S group compared to baseline. There was significant decrease of HR (p=0.04) at the 10 minutes point within the F group compared to baseline.
Conclusions: This study did not confimed that the speed of injection of
lidocaine with adrenaline made any effect on haemodynamic changes during local infiltration of nasal submucosa.However it confirmed that lidocaine with adrenaline induced a decrease of blood pressure
Zamjenjuje li video head impulse test, toplinski pokus?
Toplinski pokus je opisan poÄetkom dvadesetog stoljeÄa istraživanjem R.Barany-a, koji je dobio Nobelovu
nagradu obzirom na kliniÄku važnost poÄetka dijagnosticiranja vestibularnih poremeÄaja. To je jedini
funkcionalni test kojim se podražuje samo jedna strana vestibularnog osjetila. Krajem dvadesetog stoljeÄa
opisan je head impulse test (HIT) koji na jednostavan naÄin omoguÄuje kliniÄku primjenu poremeÄaja
vestibulo-okularnog refleksa (VOR-a). Nakon kliniÄkog opisa i primjene je kod jednog i drugog uslijedila
video i kompjuterska dokumentacija. Argument da toplinski pokus izaziva nelagodu kod bolesnika, te da ga je
teÅ”ko izvesti u akutnom stadiju, ne može uzrokovati izbjegavanje njegove primjene. (Äesto bolesnici ne
podnose masku niti bilo kakve nagle pokrete glavom). Indikacija za pretragu je svakako najlakŔi, najsigurniji
naÄin postavljanja konaÄne dijagnoze, potreba vestibularne rehabilitacije, iskljuÄivanje centralnog poremeÄaja.
Navodimo primjer Meniere-ove bolesti gdje disocijacija nalaza s patoloŔkim toplinskim podraživanjem i
urednim vHIT-om omoguÄuje sigurniju dijagnozu. Kod vestibularnog neuritisa navodimo nekoliko primjera
kliniÄke primjene HIMP (Head Impulse Paradigm) i SHIMP (Suppression Head Impulse Paradigm) paradigme
u akutnoj fazi i za vrijeme praÄenja bolesnika, te usporedba s toplinskim i obrtajnim pokusom. Je li ranija
pojava sakada indikativna za kompenzaciju i manje smetnje kod bolesnika HIMP metodom u odnosu na
antikompenzacijske sakade i njihov odraz uredne ili poremeÄene funkcije VOR-a kod SHIMP-a? Podražaj kod
toplinskog pokusa je promjena temperature, kod vHIT-a, mehaniÄki impuls. Toplinski podražaj odgovara
niskoj frekvenciji pokreta glavom, a kod vHIT-a podražaj je veÄe brzine i zapravo odgovara izolirano
vestibularnom podražaju, dok je kod nižih frekvencija podložan utjecaju vidne informacije. Pretrage se
meÄusobno nadopunjuju, možemo ih raditi odvojeno ili zajedno, ovisno o tome koliko Äe nam koristiti kod
konaÄnog postavljanja dijagnoze. Odgovor na pitanje zamjenjuje li vHIT toplinski pokus je ā ne. Na lijeÄniku
je da se odluÄi koji mu je najlakÅ”i i najsigurniji, kao i najdostupniji naÄin dijagnosticiranja, a potom i lijeÄenja
bolesnika
Paragangliom karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca koji je imitirao sliku peritonzilarnog apscesa - prikaz sluÄaja
Paragangliomi su neuroendokrini tumori koji se u podruÄju glave i vrata javljaju kao glomus tumori karotidnog
tjeleÅ”ca, timpaniÄni, jugularni ili vagalni glomus tumori. Ovi tumori u podruÄju glave i vrata uglavnom ne
izluÄuju katekolamine, veÄ daju razliÄite kliniÄke slike, ovisno o lokaciji. Paragangliomi karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca
najÄeÅ”Äe se prezentiraju kao bezbolne spororastuÄe lateralne tvorbe vrata. NajÄeÅ”Äe budu dijagnosticirani u
dobnoj skupini od trideset do pedeset godina. Prikazati Äemo sluÄaj ÄetrdesetpetogodiÅ”nje bolesnice koja se
javila u naÅ”u kliniku radi grlobolje s peritonzilarnom i parafaringealnom oteklinom desno uz hipertrofiÄne
tonzile i hiperemiju ždrijela. Po uÄinjenoj inciziji prednjeg nepÄanog luka doÅ”lo je do krvarenja koje nije
odgovorilo na lokalne mjere, te je hemostaza i daljnje lijeÄenje apscesa zahtijevalo opÄu anesteziju. Tijekom
perioperativne pripreme, operativni plan je promijenjen po pristizanju nalaza neuroradioloŔke obrade koji su
pokazali tvorbu dimenzija 4.5 cm Ć 3 cm Ć 6 cm, Å”to obliterira desni parafaringealni prostor i potiskuje
orofarinks kontralateralno te odgovara paragangliomu karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca. UÄinjena je hemostaza bez daljnjih
incizija tvorbe, koja je najprije bila pod sumnjom za peritonzilarni, a zatim i parafaringealni apsces. Kod
bolesnice je potom uÄinjena dodatna dijagnostiÄka obrada, te je na daljnje lijeÄenje upuÄena vaskularnom
kirurgu. Pregledom relevantnih znanstvenih baza podataka nismo naŔli ovakvu prezentaciju paraganglioma
karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca. Ovim prikazom sluÄaja i pregledom literature želimo podsjetiti na paragangliom
karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca kao moguÄu diferencijalnu dijagnozu peritonzilarnog ili parafaringealnog apscesa kako bi
se izbjeglo moguÄe fatalno krvarenje kao ishod operativnog lijeÄenja apscesa
Paragangliom karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca koji je imitirao sliku peritonzilarnog apscesa - prikaz sluÄaja
Paragangliomi su neuroendokrini tumori koji se u podruÄju glave i vrata javljaju kao glomus tumori karotidnog
tjeleÅ”ca, timpaniÄni, jugularni ili vagalni glomus tumori. Ovi tumori u podruÄju glave i vrata uglavnom ne
izluÄuju katekolamine, veÄ daju razliÄite kliniÄke slike, ovisno o lokaciji. Paragangliomi karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca
najÄeÅ”Äe se prezentiraju kao bezbolne spororastuÄe lateralne tvorbe vrata. NajÄeÅ”Äe budu dijagnosticirani u
dobnoj skupini od trideset do pedeset godina. Prikazati Äemo sluÄaj ÄetrdesetpetogodiÅ”nje bolesnice koja se
javila u naÅ”u kliniku radi grlobolje s peritonzilarnom i parafaringealnom oteklinom desno uz hipertrofiÄne
tonzile i hiperemiju ždrijela. Po uÄinjenoj inciziji prednjeg nepÄanog luka doÅ”lo je do krvarenja koje nije
odgovorilo na lokalne mjere, te je hemostaza i daljnje lijeÄenje apscesa zahtijevalo opÄu anesteziju. Tijekom
perioperativne pripreme, operativni plan je promijenjen po pristizanju nalaza neuroradioloŔke obrade koji su
pokazali tvorbu dimenzija 4.5 cm Ć 3 cm Ć 6 cm, Å”to obliterira desni parafaringealni prostor i potiskuje
orofarinks kontralateralno te odgovara paragangliomu karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca. UÄinjena je hemostaza bez daljnjih
incizija tvorbe, koja je najprije bila pod sumnjom za peritonzilarni, a zatim i parafaringealni apsces. Kod
bolesnice je potom uÄinjena dodatna dijagnostiÄka obrada, te je na daljnje lijeÄenje upuÄena vaskularnom
kirurgu. Pregledom relevantnih znanstvenih baza podataka nismo naŔli ovakvu prezentaciju paraganglioma
karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca. Ovim prikazom sluÄaja i pregledom literature želimo podsjetiti na paragangliom
karotidnog tjeleÅ”ca kao moguÄu diferencijalnu dijagnozu peritonzilarnog ili parafaringealnog apscesa kako bi
se izbjeglo moguÄe fatalno krvarenje kao ishod operativnog lijeÄenja apscesa