Naphthoquinones and Anthraquinones from Scent Glands of a Dyspnoid Harvestman, Paranemastoma quadripunctatum

Extracts of Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) contained seven components, all of which likely originated from the secretion of well-developed prosomal scent glands. The two main components (together accounting for more than 90% of the secretion) were identified as 1,4-naphthoquinone and 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. The minor components were 1,4-naphthalenediol, two methoxy-naphthoquinones (2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and two anthraquinones (2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone and a dimethyl-9,10-anthraquinone). While some chemical data on scent gland secretions of the other suborders of Opiliones (Cyphophthalmi, palpatorean Eupnoi, and Laniatores) already exist, this is the first report on the scent gland chemistry in the Dyspnoi. Naphthoquinones are known scent gland exudates of Cyphophthalmi and certain Eupnoi, methoxy-naphthoquinones and anthraquinones are new for opilionid scent gland secretions

Male egg guarding behavior in the neotropical harvestman Ampheres leucopheus (Mello-Leitao 1922)(Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)

Males of the Neotropical harvestman Ampheres leucopheus (Mello-Leitao 1922) were observed guarding egg-batches attached to the undersurface of leaves. As recorded for other paternal harvestmen, males of A. leucopheus guard egg-batches containing eggs in different developmental stages as well as newly hatched nymphs. This is the second case of paternal care recorded among gonyleptids and the fifth in the order Opiliones.o TEXTO COMPLETO DESTE ARTIGO, ESTARÁ DISPONÍVEL À PARTIR DE AGOSTO DE 2015.31344144

Review of the myrmecophilous Ptomaphagus, subgenus Echinocoleus (new status), of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini)

We here give Echinocoleus new ranking as a subgenus of Ptomaphagus. Ptomaphagus (Echinocoleus) accutus sp.nov. is described from the southeastern United States (Alabama. Georgia, Florida). It is the most plesiotypic member of a group in which till other species live in the western United States and (probably) adjacent Mexico. All are myrmecophilous with Pogonomyrmex and Aphaenogaster (= Novomessor) harvester ants. A phylogenetic analysis is given for the subgenus. The main synapomorphies of Echinocoleus, which are mostly interrelated with myrmecophily, are reduction of body length and broadening of elytra, reduction of antennal length, verticalization of mesocoxal insertion, reduction of mesosternal carina, body with a golden pubescense, and a pointed projection at the end of the spermatbeca