Fluctuating work in coherent quantum systems: proposals and limitations

One of the most important goals in quantum thermodynamics is to demonstrate advantages of thermodynamic protocols over their classical counterparts. For that, it is necessary to (i) develop theoretical tools and experimental set-ups to deal with quantum coherence in thermodynamic contexts, and to (ii) elucidate which properties are genuinely quantum in a thermodynamic process. In this short review, we discuss proposals to define and measure work fluctuations that allow to capture quantum interference phenomena. We also discuss fundamental limitations arising due to measurement back-action, as well as connections between work distributions and quantum contextuality. We hope the different results summarised here motivate further research on the role of quantum phenomena in thermodynamics.Comment: As a chapter of: F. Binder, L. A. Correa, C. Gogolin, J. Anders, and G. Adesso (eds.), "Thermodynamics in the quantum regime - Recent Progress and Outlook", (Springer International Publishing). Second version: Misspell in the title correcte

Second law, entropy production, and reversibility in thermodynamics of information

We present a pedagogical review of the fundamental concepts in thermodynamics of information, by focusing on the second law of thermodynamics and the entropy production. Especially, we discuss the relationship among thermodynamic reversibility, logical reversibility, and heat emission in the context of the Landauer principle and clarify that these three concepts are fundamentally distinct to each other. We also discuss thermodynamics of measurement and feedback control by Maxwell's demon. We clarify that the demon and the second law are indeed consistent in the measurement and the feedback processes individually, by including the mutual information to the entropy production.Comment: 43 pages, 10 figures. As a chapter of: G. Snider et al. (eds.), "Energy Limits in Computation: A Review of Landauer's Principle, Theory and Experiments

Histological assessment of the effect of OxPAPC on ventilator-induced lung injury

Whole lungs (4 to 6 animals from each experimental group) were agarose-inflated , fixed in 10% formalin, and used for histologic evaluation by hematoxylin and eosin staining as described in Materials and methods. Histological analysis of lung tissue (×40 magnification) and quantitative analysis of lung tissue neutrophil count obtained from rats exposed to high tidal volume (HTV) mechanical ventilation demonstrate a neutrophilic inflammation and areas of alveolar hemorrhage, which were attenuated by co-treatment with intravenous OxPAPC. For tissue polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts, 10 fields per slide were counted for = 4 animals per experimental group. *< 0.01 versus low tidal volume (LTV), **< 0.05 versus HTV (= 4 to 6 per group). HPF, high power microscopic field; OxPAPC, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oxidized phospholipids reduce ventilator-induced vascular leak and inflammation "</p><p>http://ccforum.com/content/12/1/R27</p><p>Critical Care 2008;12(1):R27-R27.</p><p>Published online 24 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2374596.</p><p></p

Effects OxPAPC on barrier properties in macro- and microvascular pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs)

Human pulmonary artery (HPAEC) or microvascular (HLMVEC) ECs were plated on gold microelectrodes to measure transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and were cultured to confluence. Growth medium was replaced with serum-free Opti-MEM (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, USA). After equilibration and stabilization, measurements of TER were performed. At the time indicated by the arrow, ECs were treated with various concentrations of OxPAPC or cells were pretreated with OxPAPC (20 μg/mL) followed by thrombin (0.5 U/mL) stimulation (marked by second arrow) . Results are representative of three to six independent experiments. OxPAPC, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine; Thr, thrombin.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oxidized phospholipids reduce ventilator-induced vascular leak and inflammation "</p><p>http://ccforum.com/content/12/1/R27</p><p>Critical Care 2008;12(1):R27-R27.</p><p>Published online 24 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2374596.</p><p></p

Cells subjected to pathologic cyclic stretch (CS) (18%, 2 hours) were pretreated with vehicle or OxPAPC (20 μg/mL) followed by thrombin (0

5 U/mL) stimulation for 30 or 50 minutes. F-actin was visualized by immunofluorescence staining with Texas-Red phalloidin. Cells subjected to CS and thrombins (30 or 50 minutes) demonstrate barrier disruption, with the formation of transcellular actin stress fibers resulting in increased tension, cellular contraction, and paracellular gap formation (arrows). OxPAPC enhanced monolayer integrity and peripheral actin cytoskeletal rearrangement in ECs exposed to 18% CS alone and dramatically attenuated thrombin-induced gap formation and disruption of monolayer integrity and accelerated EC barrier recovery. Representative results from three independent experiments are shown. Two wells from each experiment were observed for each stimulation. OxPAPC, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine; Thr, thrombin.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oxidized phospholipids reduce ventilator-induced vascular leak and inflammation "</p><p>http://ccforum.com/content/12/1/R27</p><p>Critical Care 2008;12(1):R27-R27.</p><p>Published online 24 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2374596.</p><p></p

Effects of OxPAPC and DMPC on inflammatory cell recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of mice exposed to high tidal volume (HTV)

HTV (30 mL/kg, 4 hours) induced a dramatic increase in BAL total cell count and protein content , which was markedly attenuated by intravenous injection of OxPAPC (1.5 mg/kg) but not DMPC (1.5 mg/kg). There were no significant differences in cell counts and protein content between animals treated with vehicle, OxPAPC, or DMPC alone. *< 0.05 (= 6 to 9 per group). Con, control; DMPC, di-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine; ND, no difference; OxPAPC, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oxidized phospholipids reduce ventilator-induced vascular leak and inflammation "</p><p>http://ccforum.com/content/12/1/R27</p><p>Critical Care 2008;12(1):R27-R27.</p><p>Published online 24 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2374596.</p><p></p

Effects of Rho kinase inhibition on severity of high tidal volume (HTV)-induced lung injury

Mice received a single dose of Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or TRAP-6 (3 × 10mol/mouse, intravenous) followed by mechanical ventilation (30 mL/kg, 4 hours) with or without OxPAPC injection (1.5 mg/kg, intravenous). Inhibition of the Rho pathway markedly attenuated HTV-induced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell count and protein content . TRAP-6 further enhanced HTV-induced increases in BAL cell count and protein content , whereas OxPAPC significantly reduced these effects. *< 0.05 (= 4 to 8 per group). Con, control; OxPAPC, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine; TRAP-6, thrombin receptor activating peptide-6; Yinh, Y27632.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oxidized phospholipids reduce ventilator-induced vascular leak and inflammation "</p><p>http://ccforum.com/content/12/1/R27</p><p>Critical Care 2008;12(1):R27-R27.</p><p>Published online 24 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2374596.</p><p></p