PRODUCTION OF MONOGLYCERIDES AND DIGLYCERIDES THROUGH LIPASE-CATALYZED GLYCEROLYSIS AND MOLECULAR DISTILLATION.

PRODUCTION OF MONOGLYCERIDES AND DIGLYCERIDES THROUGH LIPASE-CATALYZED GLYCEROLYSIS AND MOLECULAR DISTILLATION. Monoacilglycerides and diacilglycerides are produced through lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of soybean oil using Candida antarctica B in a solvent-free system. The reaction was carried Out at a glycerol to triacylglycerol molar ratio of 8:1 with 2% of lipase. Acylglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol produced were separated employing the molecular distillation process. Starting from a product of enzymatic reaction 25.06% of triacylglycerols, 46.63% of diacylglycerides. 21.72% of monoacylglycerides, 5.38% of FFA and 1.21% of glycerol and after consecutively distillations. monoacylglycerides with 80% of purity was obtained and also oil with 54% of diacylglycerides to be used in human dietary.3261539154

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research

Mobile phase optimization for the separation of some herbicide samples using HPLC

To separate and determine a mixture of herbicides containing bentazon, 2,4-D, cyanazine, simazine, atrazine, fluazifop acid, diuron, linuron, and ametryn, an intense study was made to optimize the chromatographic conditions, emphasizing the composition of the mobile phase. After consideration of both analysis time and resolution, the optimum mobile phase to carry out the separation of mixtures of these herbicides was found to be methanol:water 60:40, v/v, pH = 4.6 (adjusted with phosphoric acid). These conditions may be used to analyze mixtures of the cited herbicides present in water samples.2391353136

Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves and Study of the Temperature in Systems Involved in the Production of Biodiesel with Ethanol

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Binodal curves of systems involved in the production of soybean oil biodiesel and castor oil biodiesel were obtained at different temperatures by the titration method under isothermal conditions. The measurements allow the analysis of the mutual solubility of the compounds present after the transesterification reaction and supply data for the process of separation and purification of biodiesel. The systems studied were soybean oil biodiesel + glycerol + ethanol at temperatures of (298.15, 333.15, and 343.15) K, soybean oil biodiesel + ethanol + water at temperatures of (298.15 and 323.15) K, and castor oil biodiesel + ethanol + glycerol to 333.15 K. The highest levels of biodiesel were obtained at 298.15 K, although small changes in temperature did not significantly affect the system behavior. The two-phase region for the system of ethanol + biodiesel + glycerol at 333.15 K using soybean oil as raw material was bigger than the two-phase region using castor oil, which allows us to separate higher amounts of biodiesel after the transesterification reaction at the stage of interest.551145924596Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Factorial design applied to concentrate bioactive component of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil using short path distillation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Gramineae) is the scientific name of a plant known as lemongrass. it is characterized by the high concentrations of citral. This work aimed to analyze the influence of short path distillation process variables (evaporator temperature (EVT), volumetric feed flow rate (Q) and interactions between them), on the concentration of citral in the distillate stream of the process. Factorial design experiments were carried out, starting with a 2(2) design trials at experimental range from 60 to 80 degrees C for EVT and from 1.5 to 6.0 mL/min for Q followed by 2(2) with central point design trials at experimental range from 60 to 120 degrees C for EVT and between 1.5 and 4.5 mL/min for Q. The concentration of citral in the distillate (CCD) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of each variable studied on the dependent variable (CCD), is indicated by influence of EVT and Q on CCD. The increase of EVT increases CCD to 2.048 x 10(3) mg citral/g sample, when compared with the initial sample of essential oil, which presented a CCD of 9.908 x 10(2) mg citral/g sample. The linear model, statistically significant, describes the dependence of the variable CCD with the variables of the process inside the experimental range. (C) 2009 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.882A239244Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Short-Path-Distillation Process of Lemongrass Essential Oil: Physicochemical Characterization and Assessment Quality of the Distillate and the Residue Products

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Short-path distillation (SPD), a special high-tech thermal separation technique operating at high vacuum, was used in order to increase the citral concentration in lemongrass essential oil, without adding any extra components to the system, causing minimal thermal impact and reaching high quality for the essential oil extracted at the distillate stream. Experiments were carried out using a centrifugal molecular distillation unit with an evaporator temperature (EVT) from 60 to 120 degrees C and a feed flow rate (Q) from 1.5 to 4.5 mL . min(-1). Experimental protocols for oil and fat analysis were used to characterize the materials extracted. Results (obtained using GC-MS) showed that bSPD was successful in the separation and purification of essential oil. High-quality essential oil was confirmed because of citral concentration increases from 19.816 mg(citral) . mL(-1) (initial sample) to 40.963 mg(citral) . mL(-1) (at 120 degrees C and 4.5 mL . min(-1)), reaching a concentration of the bioactive compound (citral) in the distillate stream of 2.1 times the concentration in the original sample. The density, dynamic viscosity, and free fatty acids were 0.901 g . cm(-3), 2.069 mPa.s(-1), and 1.26 wt % (oleic acid), respectively, satisfying the oil quality criterion and avoiding thermal degradation.501381858194Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Liquid-liquid equilibria of the ternary system water plus acrylic acid+4-methyl-2-pentanone at 298.15 K

In this work, experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the ternary system water + acrylic acid + 4-methyl-2-pentanone were determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The experimental data were also compared with the values correlated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. Good quantitative agreement was obtained with these models. In general, the average deviations from the NRTL model are slightly greater than those from the UNIQUAC model. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was confirmed by using the Othmer-Tobias correlation. Distribution coefficients and selectivity were evaluated for the immiscibility region.53365966