Prooxidant-Antioxidant State of the Organism during Oxidative Stress and Correction of the L-Arginine-NO System

lipid peroxidation; antioxidant system; lipopolysaccharide; nitric oxideThe prooxidant-antioxidant balance in rats with oxidative stress was studied during correction of the L-arginine-NO system. Oxidative stress was induced by intravenous injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Under conditions of oxidative stress the prooxi-dant-antioxidant imbalance was least pronounced during selective correction of the L-arginine-NO system. L-Arginine and nonselective NO synthase inhibitor had little protective effect

Multinuclear, heteronuclear, and heterovalent complexes in solutions

The results of investigations on the multinuclear 3d-metal compounds in solutions are generalized. The conditions for their formation, the stability, properties, composition, and interaction of the unpaired electrons of the metal centers are discussed. Interrelation between the magnetic properties, composition, and structure of the multinuclear complexes of paramagnetic ions is analyzed. © 1998 MAEe cyrillic signK Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

Adjustment methods of measuring channels for ac electric drive with high quality variables control

Базовым условием обеспечения высокого качества регулирования переменных электропривода является высокая точность каналов измерения/вычисления токов, напряжений, скорости. Предложена методика настройки измерительных каналов, позволяющая достичь погрешности менее 1% во всем диапазоне изменения фазных токов, напряжения в звене постоянного тока, а также погрешности измерения скорости менее 0,01 номинального скольжения при небольшом (120-180) количестве меток датчика. Разработан алгоритм и методика настройки пофазной компенсации «мёртвого» времени, обеспечивающая высокую точность формирования напряжения статора, в том числе на уровне в 0,01 его номинального значения. Применение указанной методики в тяговых электроприводах позволило достичь погрешности вычисления электромагнитного момента не более 5% во всех рабочих режимах электропривода, включая глубокую 2-ю и 3-ю зоны регулирования скорости.High accuracy of measuring/calculating channels of current, voltage, speed is base condition of high quality electric drive variables control. The methods of measuring channels adjustment, allowing to reach an measuring error less than 1% in all range of phase current, dc link voltage change, is offered. Speed measuring error less than 1% of rated slip at small number (120-180) of encoder labels is reached. The algorithm and adjustment technique of segregated-phase dead time compensation, providing high accuracy of stator voltage formation, including at level of 0,01 its nominal value, is developed. Application of the methods in traction electric drives has allowed to reach errors of electromagnetic moment calculation no more than 5 % in all operating modes of electric drive, including deep 2-nd and 3-d speed control ranges

Результаты ультразвукового исследования хронической болезни почек домашних кошек на территории столичного мегаполиса

Kidney disease in pets is the most common problem that pet owners come to the veterinary clinic for. With age, the likelihood of kidney disease in domestic cats increases. It has been found that 20 to 50% of household cats older than 15 suffer from chronic renal failure. The authors studied chronic kidney disease of domestic cats in the metropolitan metropolis at the Monino veterinary clinic. The total sample consisted of 85 cats, of which, after clarification of the diagnosis (biochemical tests), experimental (n = 37) and control groups (n = 37) were formed. According to clinical analysis, the latter was assigned to a conditionally healthy group. The mean age of healthy cats in the control group was 4.95±0.22 years (median five years), and that of cats in the experimental group with renal insufficiency was 8.92±0.53 (median nine years). Ultrasound examination of the kidneys of domestic cats with chronic renal failure revealed diseases such as nephritis with a frequency of 32.4%, glomerulonephritis - 27.1, urolithiasis - 21.6 and pyelonephritis - 18.9%. Frequent clinical symptoms in domestic cats were: loss or lack of appetite - 54.1%, vomiting - 32.4%, pollakiuria with strangiuria - 10.8%, and lethargy - 10.8%. Thus, ultrasound diagnostics showed high information content in detecting renal failure in domestic cats. The diagnostic efficiency reached 97%. The ultrasound method has established itself as safe, painless and comfortable for a pet when examining the abdominal organs.Заболевания почек домашних питомцев – наиболее частая проблема, с которой владельцы обращаются в ветеринарную клинику. С возрастом вероятность заболевания почечными болезнями у домашних кошек повышается. Установлено, что от 20 до 50% домашних кошек старше 15 лет страдают от хронической почечной недостаточности. Изучение хронической болезни почек домашних кошек на территории столичного мегаполиса проводилось нами на базе ветеринарной клиники «Монино». Общая выборка составила 85 кошек, из которых после уточнения диагноза (биохимических анализов) были сформированы экспериментальная (n = 37) и контрольная группы (n = 37). Последняя по клиническим анализам была отнесена к условно-здоровой группе. Средний возраст здоровых кошек, которые входили в контрольную группу, составил 4,95±0,22 года (медиана – 5 лет), а кошек экспериментальной группы с почечной недостаточностью – 8,92±0,53 (медиана – 9 лет). Ультразвуковое исследование почек домашних кошек с хронической почечной недостаточностью выявило такие заболевания, как нефрит с частотой встречаемости 32,4%, гломерулонефрит – 27,1, мочекаменная болезнь – 21,6 и пиелонефрит – 18,9%. Частыми клиническими симптомами у домашних кошек были: снижение или отсутствие аппетита –54,1%, рвота – 32,4, поллакиурия в сочетании со странгиурией – 10,8, вялость – 10,8%. Таким образом, УЗИ-диагностика показала высокую  информативность по выявлению почечной недостаточности у домашних кошек. Эффективность диагностики достигала 97%. УЗИ-метод зарекомендовал себя как безопасный, безболезненный и комфортный для домашнего питомца при исследовании органов брюшной полости

DBR and DFB lasers in neodymium-and ytterbium-doped photothermorefractive glasses

The first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and monolithic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers in photothermorefractive glass doped with rare-earth ions is reported. The lasers were produced by incorporation of the volume Bragg gratings into the laser gain elements. The need for environment-insensitive, compact, robust, narrow line laser sources has stimulated the development of hybrid devices, such as distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers, in which a laser resonator is produced by Bragg mirrors incorporated in a gain element, or distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, in which a resonator is produced by a Bragg grating that occupies the whole gain element. The concept of DFB was first successfully applied to optically pumped dye lasers The PTR glass has composition (M%) The two last elements are responsible for initiation of the photostructural transformations in the glass and enable VBG recording. As it was demonstrated in our earlier studies Nd-and Yb-doped PTR glasses with 2 wt. % of Yb and Nd ions have been prepared. The measurements of emission spectra were carried out in these glasses using an Ocean Optics spectrometer when glass samples were excited with a diode laser emitting at 808 nm (in the case of Nd ions) and 915 nm (for Yb ones

РИСК-АНАЛИЗ УСЛОВИЙ КОНТРОЛЯ ЯДЕРНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ДЛЯ ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ НЕРЕГЛАМЕНТИРОВАННОЙ ЯДЕРНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The paper examines the conditions of nuclear materials (NM) security management at the sites of nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) from non-proliferation point of view. Applied to the non-proliferation the conditions for acceptable risk were defined. The basic levels of NM control have been set. On the base of acceptable risk concept the issues of risk management were considered. The task of unacceptable risk area suppression was formulated. Requirements to the NM control effectiveness were evaluated for various scenarios of undeclared activity (inside and outside of NFC). The role of the out-of-site control in creating NM protection in-depth was demonstrated.В работе анализируются условия безопасного обращения с ядерными материалами на объектах ядерного топливного цикла (ЯТЦ) с точки зрения проблемы ядерного нераспространения. Применительно к этой области сформулированы условия приемлемого риска и определены основные уровни контроля ядерных материалов. На основе понятия приемлемого риска рассмотрены задачи управления риском. Сформулирована задача подавления области неприемлемого риска. Для различных сценариев нерегламентированной деятельности получены  требования к эффективности контрольной деятельности внутри и вне объектов ЯТЦ.  Продемонстрирована роль внеобъектового контроля в создании эшелонированной защиты ядерных материалов

РИСК-АНАЛИЗ УСЛОВИЙ КОНТРОЛЯ ЯДЕРНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ДЛЯ ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ НЕРЕГЛАМЕНТИРОВАННОЙ ЯДЕРНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The paper examines the conditions of nuclear materials (NM) security management at the sites of nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) from non-proliferation point of view. Applied to the non-proliferation the conditions for acceptable risk were defined. The basic levels of NM control have been set. On the base of acceptable risk concept the issues of risk management were considered. The task of unacceptable risk area suppression was formulated. Requirements to the NM control effectiveness were evaluated for various scenarios of undeclared activity (inside and outside of NFC). The role of the out-of-site control in creating NM protection in-depth was demonstrated.В работе анализируются условия безопасного обращения с ядерными материалами на объектах ядерного топливного цикла (ЯТЦ) с точки зрения проблемы ядерного нераспространения. Применительно к этой области сформулированы условия приемлемого риска и определены основные уровни контроля ядерных материалов. На основе понятия приемлемого риска рассмотрены задачи управления риском. Сформулирована задача подавления области неприемлемого риска. Для различных сценариев нерегламентированной деятельности получены  требования к эффективности контрольной деятельности внутри и вне объектов ЯТЦ.  Продемонстрирована роль внеобъектового контроля в создании эшелонированной защиты ядерных материалов

First Measurements of Deuterium-Tritium and Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Reaction Yields in Ignition-Scalable Direct-Drive Implosions

The deuterium-tritium (D-T) and deuterium-deuterium neutron yield ratio in cryogenic inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is used to examine multifluid effects, traditionally not included in ICF modeling. This ratio has been measured for ignition-scalable direct-drive cryogenic DT implosions at the Omega Laser Facility [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] using a high-dynamic-range neutron time-of-flight spectrometer. The experimentally inferred yield ratio is consistent with both the calculated values of the nuclear reaction rates and the measured preshot target-fuel composition. These observations indicate that the physical mechanisms that have been proposed to alter the fuel composition, such as species separation of the hydrogen isotopes [D. T. Casey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 075002 (2012)], are not significant during the period of peak neutron production in ignition-scalable cryogenic direct-drive DT implosions

Assessment of ion kinetic effects in shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions using fusion burn imaging

The significance and nature of ion kinetic effects in D3He-filled, shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions are assessed through measurements of fusion burn profiles. Over this series of experiments, the ratio of ion-ion mean free path to minimum shell radius (the Knudsen number, NK) was varied from 0.3 to 9 in order to probe hydrodynamic-like to strongly kinetic plasma conditions; as the Knudsen number increased, hydrodynamic models increasingly failed to match measured yields, while an empirically-tuned, first-step model of ion kinetic effects better captured the observed yield trends [Rosenberg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 185001 (2014)]. Here, spatially resolved measurements of the fusion burn are used to examine kinetic ion transport effects in greater detail, adding an additional dimension of understanding that goes beyond zero-dimensional integrated quantities to one-dimensional profiles. In agreement with the previous findings, a comparison of measured and simulated burn profiles shows that models including ion transport effects are able to better match the experimental results. In implosions characterized by large Knudsen numbers (NK3), the fusion burn profiles predicted by hydrodynamics simulations that exclude ion mean free path effects are peaked far from the origin, in stark disagreement with the experimentally observed profiles, which are centrally peaked. In contrast, a hydrodynamics simulation that includes a model of ion diffusion is able to qualitatively match the measured profile shapes. Therefore, ion diffusion or diffusion-like processes are identified as a plausible explanation of the observed trends, though further refinement of the models is needed for a more complete and quantitative understanding of ion kinetic effects