3,919 research outputs found
Magnetic susceptibility of ultra-small superconductor grains
For assemblies of superconductor nanograins, the magnetic response is
analyzed as a function of both temperature and magnetic field. In order to
describe the interaction energy of electron pairs for a huge number of
many-particle states, involved in calculations, we develop a simple
approximation, based on the Richardson solution for the reduced BCS Hamiltonian
and applicable over a wide range of the grain sizes and interaction strengths
at arbitrary distributions of single-electron energy levels in a grain. Our
study is focused upon ultra-small grains, where both the mean value of the
nearest-neighbor spacing of single-electron energy levels in a grain and
variations of this spacing from grain to grain significantly exceed the
superconducting gap in bulk samples of the same material. For these ultra-small
superconductor grains, the overall profiles of the magnetic susceptibility as a
function of magnetic field and temperature are demonstrated to be qualitatively
different from those for normal grains. We show that the analyzed signatures of
pairing correlations are sufficiently stable with respect to variations of the
average value of the grain size and its dispersion over an assembly of
nanograins. The presence of these signatures does not depend on a particular
choice of statistics, obeyed by single-electron energy levels in grains.Comment: 40 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B, E-mail addresses:
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Vortices on a superconducting nanoshell: phase diagram and dynamics
In superconductors, the search for special vortex states such as giant
vortices focuses on laterally confined or nanopatterned thin superconducting
films, disks, rings, or polygons. We examine the possibility to realize giant
vortex states and states with non-uniform vorticity on a superconducting
spherical nanoshell, due to the interplay of the topology and the applied
magnetic field. We derive the phase diagram and identify where, as a function
of the applied magnetic field, the shell thickness and the shell radius, these
different vortex phases occur. Moreover, the curved geometry allows these
states (or a vortex lattice) to coexist with a Meissner state, on the same
curved film. We have examined the dynamics of the decay of giant vortices or
states with non-uniform vorticity into a vortex lattice, when the magnetic
field is adapted so that a phase boundary is crossed.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure
Phenomenological study of charm photoproduction at HERA
We present predictions for single inclusive distributions of charmed mesons,
relevant to the HERA experiments. Our results are based upon a computation that
correctly incorporates mass effects up to the next-to-leading order level, and
the resummation of transverse momentum logarithms up to
next-to-leading-logarithmic level. We apply the same acceptance cuts as the H1
and Zeus experiments, and compare our results to their data. We perform a study
of the sensitivity of our predictions on the charm mass, \LambdaQCD,
factorization scale, renormalization scale, and fragmentation parameters.Comment: 15 pages Latex; 25 figures include
Cell nuclei detection using globally optimal active contours with shape prior
Cell nuclei detection in fluorescent microscopic images is an important and time consuming task for a wide range of biological applications. Blur, clutter, bleed through and partial occlusion of nuclei make this a challenging task for automated detection of individual nuclei using image analysis. This paper proposes a novel and robust detection method based on the active contour framework. The method exploits prior knowledge of the nucleus shape in order to better detect individual nuclei. The method is formulated as the optimization of a convex energy function. The proposed method shows accurate detection results even for clusters of nuclei where state of the art methods fail
Review of Linac-Ring Type Collider Proposals
There are three possibly types of particle colliders schemes: familiar (well
known) ring-ring colliders, less familiar however sufficiently advanced linear
colliders and less familiar and less advanced linac-ring type colliders. The
aim of this paper is two-fold: to present possibly complete list of papers on
linac-ring type collider proposals and to emphasize the role of linac-ring type
machines for future HEP research.Comment: quality of figures is improved, some misprints are correcte
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