Enrichment activities in the medical school psychiatry programme - could this be a key to engaging medical students in psychiatry? A study from a high secure forensic psychiatric UK hospital

© 2017 The Author(s). Background: The majority of research studies on medical student attitudes toward psychiatry focus on influencing factors and the medical school experience. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a one-day visit to a high secure forensic psychiatric unit on medical students' attitudes towards psychiatry and also assesses career intentions and the factors influencing these. Method: Čhange in attitudes and career intention were measured by administering a questionnaire, which included the 30-item Attitudes Toward Psychiatry (ATP-30) survey, at the start (time 1) and end (time 2) of the one-day visit. Qualitative data on factors influencing career choice was also gathered. Results: Evaluation of 284 responses revealed a significant increase in positive attitude towards psychiatry from time 1 to time 2 in the sample as a whole. The most influential factor on consideration of psychiatry as a career across all groups was the medical school clinical placement. For those that tended away from choosing psychiatry as a career, patient prognosis was important. Čonclusions: Poor recruitment in psychiatry in the UK is already established which will doubtless be compounded by controversies surrounding the proposed new junior doctors' contract. Now more than ever, the need to inspire and motivate those at medical school encountering psychiatry is crucial. Our findings add to the body of evidence that the medical school clinical attachment is fundamental in shaping attitudes. However, these results also show that a well-planned visit to a specialised psychiatric unit outside of traditional placements can have a significant impact on students' attitudes toward psychiatry and mental illness in general. There is limited literature in the UK on enrichment activities within the psychiatry medical school curriculum. We propose that developing opportunities for enrichment activities within psychiatry could increase the scope of how we engage students in this fascinating field of medicine

The general practitioner and the surgeon: stereotypes and medical specialties O clínico e o cirurgião: esteriótipos e especialidades médicas

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and characterize the professional stereotypes associated with general medicine and surgery among Brazilian medical residents. METHODS: A randomized sample of residents of the General Medicine and Surgery Residence Programs were interviewed and their perceptions and views of general and surgical doctors were compared. RESULTS: The general practitioner was characterized by the residents in general to be principally a sensitive and concerned doctor with a close relationship with the patient; (45%); calm, tranquil, and balanced (27%); with intellectual skills (25%); meticulous and attentive to details (23%); slow to resolve problems and make decisions (22%); and working more with probabilities and hypotheses (20%). The surgeon was considered to be practical and objective (40%); quickly resolving problems (35%); technical with manual skills (23%); omnipotent, arrogant, and domineering (23%); anxious, stressed, nervous, and temperamental (23%); and more decided, secure, and courageous (20%). Only the residents of general medicine attributed the surgeon with less knowledge of medicine and only the surgeons attributed gender characteristics to their own specialty. CONCLUSION: There was considerable similarity in the description of a typical general practitioner and surgeon among the residents in general, regardless of the specialty they had chosen. It was interesting to observe that these stereotypes persist despite the transformations in the history of medicine, i.e. the first physicians (especially regarding the valorization of knowledge) and the first surgeons, so-called "barber surgeons" in Brazil (associated with less knowledge and the performance of high-risk procedures).<br>OBJETIVOS: Investigar e caracterizar entre residentes brasileiros os estereótipos profissionais associados ao médico clínico e ao cirurgião. METODOLOGIA: uma amostra randomizada de residentes dos programas de Clínica Médica e Cirurgia foi entrevistada e suas representações a respeito das duas áreas caracterizadas e comparadas. RESULTADOS: O clínico foi representado, pelos residentes em geral, principalmente como um médico sensível, próximo e preocupado com o paciente (45%); calmo, tranqüilo e equilibrado (27%); com habilidades intelectuais (25%); detalhista e meticuloso (23%); pouco resolutivo e demorado para tomar decisões (22%); trabalha mais com probabilidades e hipóteses (20%). Já o cirurgião foi caracterizado como um médico prático e objetivo (40%); resolutivo e rápido (35%); técnico com habilidades manuais (23%); onipotente, arrogante e prepotente (23%); ansioso, estressado, nervoso, temperamental (23%), mas decidido, seguro e corajoso (20%). Somente os residentes da clínica atribuem ao cirurgião um conhecimento menor da medicina e apenas os cirurgiões atribuem características de gênero à própria especialidade. CONCLUSÃO: Houve muita semelhança na descrição do médico clínico e do médico cirurgião entre os residentes em geral, independentemente da especialidade a qual pertenciam. Interessante observar que, ainda hoje, os estereótipos do clínico e do cirurgião assemelham-se bastante, apesar das transformações ocorridas ao longo do tempo, à tradição dos antigos físicos (especialmente quanto à valorização da mente) e dos cirurgiões-barbeiros (associados a um menor conhecimento e à realização de procedimentos arriscados) na história da medicina