Relation between the sagittal pelvic and lumbar spine geometries following surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Sagittal spinopelvic relations have been reported in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), but there is little information on their effect following surgery. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relation between the pelvic and lumbar spine geometries following posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (PSIF). Sixty patients with AIS undergoing PSIF were studied retrospectively. Thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), LL within and below fusion, pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS) and pelvic tilt (PT) were measured on preoperative and postoperative standing lateral radiographs. Significant postoperative correlations were found between PI and LL (r = 0.67), SS and LL (r = 0.90), PI and LL below fusion (r = 0.40), SS and LL below fusion (r = 0.48). Pelvic parameters did not influence LL within fusion. A strong correlation was found between LL below and within fusion (r = −0.76). The close interdependence between lumbar lordosis and pelvic geometry preoperatively is maintained postoperatively following PSIF. In the planning of surgery for AIS, it may be helpful to evaluate the sagittal pelvic morphology (PI) in addition to the spinal curves. Preoperative evaluation of the pelvic morphology could be used to optimize intraoperative positioning of the patient and to determine the optimal amount of LL that needs to be restored or preserved by the instrumentation, so that LL remains congruent with the pelvic morphology

Organizational Capabilities for Social Media Management: How Restaurant Managers Approach to the Digital Ecosystem

Digital platforms and social media are now widespread and their diffusion enables the development of digital ecosystems where organizations, users and firms\u2019 stakeholders virtually meet, share knowledge, influence each other and co-evolve. In order to effectively manage and exploit digital ecosystems, organizations require to evolve their processes and capabilities. The paper aims are threefold: (1) understanding how restaurant managers perceive and approach the digital ecosystem, (2) investigate how they concretely manage the digital ecosystem, and (3) comprehend what organizational competences are perceived as useful to effectively manage the digital ecosystem. We adopt an explorative approach through a qualitative analysis of 54 companies in the food and beverage service sectors

Comparative Study of Betacyanin Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of Red Pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and Red Spinach (Amaranthus dubius)

Betacyanins are reddish to violet pigments that can be found in red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius). This study investigated the impact of sub-fractionation (solvent partitioning) on betacyanin content in both plants. Characterization of betacyanins and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities were also carried out. Betanin was found in both plants. In addition, isobetanin, phyllocactin and hylocerenin were found in red pitahaya whereas amaranthine and decarboxy-amaranthine were found in red spinach. Sub-fractionated red pitahaya and red spinach had 23.5 and 121.5 % more betacyanin content, respectively, than those without sub-fractionation. Sub-fractionation increased the betanin and decarboxy-amaranthine content in red pitahaya and red spinach, respectively. The betacyanin fraction from red spinach (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values: 0.78–3.13 mg/mL) demonstrated a better antimicrobial activity profile than that of red pitahaya (MIC values: 3.13–6.25 mg/mL) against nine Gram-positive bacterial strains. Similarly, the red spinach fraction (MIC values: 1.56–3.13 mg/mL) was more active than the red pitahaya fraction (MIC values: 3.13–6.25 mg/mL) against five Gram-negative bacterial strains. This could be because of a higher amount of betacyanin, particularly amaranthine in the red spinach