A State’s Gendered Response to Political Instability: Gendering Labor Policy in Semi-Authoritarian El Salvador (1944-1972)

Unlike much of the gender and welfare literature, this study examines why a regime that constrains pressure from below would adopt gendered social policies. The Salvadoran case (1944-1972) suggests that political instability rather than societal pressures may prompt semi-authoritarian regimes to adopt gendered labor reforms. We extend the motivations for adopting gendered labor reforms to include co-opting labor by examining gendered labor reforms in the context of El Salvador’s historically contingent labor strategy. This gendered analysis helps explain how a semi-authoritarian regime secured political stability and reveals the special appeal gendered labor reforms may have to semi-authoritarian regimes

Method for fiberizing ceramic materials Patent

Process for fiberizing ceramic materials with high fusion temperatures and tensile strengt

D=(2+1) O(N) Wess-Zumino model in a large N limit

Using the superfield formalism, the effective Kahlerian superpotential of the massless \cal{N}=1 O(N) Wess-Zumino model is computed in the limit of large N, in three spacetime dimensions. The effective Kahlerian superpotential is evaluated at the subleading order in the 1/N expansion, which involves diagrams up to two-loop order, for a small coupling constant. We show that the O(N) symmetry of the model is preserved in this approximation and that no mass is dynamically generated in the supersymmetric phase. We discuss why spontaneous O(N) symmetry breaking cannot be induced by radiative corrections in such model.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

Higher Spin Superfield interactions with the Chiral Supermultiplet: Conserved Supercurrents and Cubic Vertices

We investigate cubic interactions between a chiral superfield and higher spin superfield corresponding to irreducible representations of the $4D,\, \mathcal{N}=1$ super-Poincar\'{e} algebra. We do this by demanding an invariance under the most general transformation, linear in the chiral superfield. Following Noether's method we construct an infinite tower of higher spin supercurrent multiplets which are quadratic in the chiral superfield and include higher derivatives. The results are that a single, massless, chiral superfield can couple only to the half-integer spin supermultiplets $(s+1,s+1/2)$ and for every value of spin there is an appropriate improvement term that reduces the supercurrent multiplet to a minimal multiplet which matches that of superconformal higher spins. On the other hand a single, massive, chiral superfield can couple only to higher spin supermultiplets of type $(2l+2\hspace{0.3ex},\hspace{0.1ex}2l+3/2)$ and there is no minimal multiplet. Furthermore, for the massless case we discuss the component level higher spin currents and provide explicit expressions for the integer and half-integer spin conserved currents together with a R-symmetry current

Dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry in supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics in three-dimensional spacetime

The dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry in the supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics in three-dimensional spacetime is studied at two-loop approximation. At this level, the effective superpotential is evaluated in a supersymmetric phase. At one-loop order, we observe a generation of the Chern-Simons term due to a parity violating term present in the classical action. At two-loop order, the scalar background superfield acquires a nonvanishing vacuum expectation value, generating a mass term $A^{\alpha}A_{\alpha}$ through Coleman-Weinberg mechanism. It is observed that the mass of gauge superfield is predominantly an effect of the topological Chern-Simons term.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, PRD versio

New massive supergravity multiplets

We present new off-shell formulations for the massive superspin-3/2 multiplet. In the massless limit, they reduce respectively to the old minimal (n=-1/3) and non-minimal ($n\neq -1/3, 0$) linearized formulations for 4D N=1 supergravity. Duality transformations, which relate the models constructed, are derived.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX; v2: minor changes, references adde