Single-copy entanglement in a gapped quantum spin chain

The single-copy entanglement of a given many-body system is defined [J. Eisert and M. Cramer, Phys. Rev. A. 72, 042112 (2005)] as the maximal entanglement deterministically distillable from a bipartition of a single specimen of that system. For critical (gapless) spin chains, it was recently shown that this is exactly half the von Neumann entropy [R. Orus, J. I. Latorre, J. Eisert, and M. Cramer, Phys. Rev. A 73, 060303(R) (2006)], itself defined as the entanglement distillable in the asymptotic limit: i.e. given an infinite number of copies of the system. It is an open question as to what the equivalent behaviour for gapped systems is. In this paper, I show that for the paradigmatic spin-S Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki chain (the archetypal gapped chain), the single-copy entanglement is equal to the von Neumann entropy: i.e. all the entanglement present may be distilled from a single specimen.Comment: Typos corrected; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.; comments welcom

Avaliação do potencial alelopático de três espécies de Eucalyptus na germinação de espécies cultivadas e nativas do cerrado.

Realizaram-se ensaios de germinação com sementes de Lactuca sativa L. (alface) cv. Aurélia, sorgo cv. BR 304, Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. (angico) e Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) (tamboril), com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial alelopático de extratos aquosos foliares de três espécies de Eucalyptus. Prepararam-se os extratos colocando as folhas senescentes, secas e moídas de E. camaldulensis Dehnh (EC), E. grandis W.Hill ex Maien (EG) e E. urophylla S.T.Blake (EU) em água destilada na concentração 5% (p/v). Após agitados e centrifugados, obtiveram-se extratos a 100% (v/v), com os quais diluiram-se para 75, 50, 25, 12,5, 0% (v/v) e medidos o pH e o potencial osmótico em cada concentração. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em placas gerbox, forradas com papel de filtro e umedecidas com os extratos, numa amostragem de 100 sementes por tratamento (4x25). As placas foram colocadas em câmara germinadora a 25°C, na presença de luz. A germinação foi verificada a cada 48h, durante 7 dias, sendo o critério germinativo a emergência radicular. O pH dos extratos das três espécies de Eucalyptus diminuiu com o aumento da concentração, porém, não afetou a germinação das espécies receptoras testadas. Os extratos aquosos de folhas de EC, EG e EU não interferiram na germinação das sementes de angico, tamboril e sorgo, porém inibiram a germinação das sementes de alface. Eucalyptus camaldulensis; E; grandis; E; urophyll

Joint Learning of Intrinsic Images and Semantic Segmentation

Semantic segmentation of outdoor scenes is problematic when there are variations in imaging conditions. It is known that albedo (reflectance) is invariant to all kinds of illumination effects. Thus, using reflectance images for semantic segmentation task can be favorable. Additionally, not only segmentation may benefit from reflectance, but also segmentation may be useful for reflectance computation. Therefore, in this paper, the tasks of semantic segmentation and intrinsic image decomposition are considered as a combined process by exploring their mutual relationship in a joint fashion. To that end, we propose a supervised end-to-end CNN architecture to jointly learn intrinsic image decomposition and semantic segmentation. We analyze the gains of addressing those two problems jointly. Moreover, new cascade CNN architectures for intrinsic-for-segmentation and segmentation-for-intrinsic are proposed as single tasks. Furthermore, a dataset of 35K synthetic images of natural environments is created with corresponding albedo and shading (intrinsics), as well as semantic labels (segmentation) assigned to each object/scene. The experiments show that joint learning of intrinsic image decomposition and semantic segmentation is beneficial for both tasks for natural scenes. Dataset and models are available at: https://ivi.fnwi.uva.nl/cv/intrinsegComment: ECCV 201

X-ray detection of the most extreme star-forming galaxies at the cosmic noon via strong lensing

Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs) are the most extreme star-forming systems observed in the early Universe, and their properties still elude comprehensive understanding. We have undertaken a large XMM–Newton observing programme to probe the total accreting black hole population in three HyLIRGs at z = 2.12, 3.25, and 3.55, gravitationally lensed by foreground galaxies. Selected from the Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyse Gravitationally lensed Extreme Starbursts (PASSAGES), these HyLIRGs have apparent infrared luminosities \u3e1014 L⊙. Our observations revealed X-ray emission in each of them. PJ1336+49 appears to be dominated by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). Remarkably, the luminosity of this non-AGN X-ray emission exceeds by a factor of about 3 the value obtained by calibration with local galaxies with much lower star formation rates. This enhanced X-ray emission most likely highlights the efficacy of dynamical HMXB production within compact clusters, which is an important mode of star formation in HyLIRGs. The remaining two (PJ0116−24 and PJ1053+60) morphologically and spectrally exhibit a compact X-ray component in addition to the extended non-AGN X-ray emission, indicating the presence of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). The AGN appears to be centrally located in the reconstructed source plane images of PJ0116−24, which manifests its star-forming activity predominantly within an extended galactic disc. In contrast, the AGN in the field of PJ1053+60 is projected 60 kpc away from the extreme star-forming galaxy and could be ejected from it. These results underline the synergistic potential of deep X-ray observations with strong lensing for the study of high-energy astrophysical phenomena in HyLIRGs

Quantificação de sorgoleone em extratos e raízes de sorgo sob diferentes períodos de armazenamento.

Neste trabalho, foi realizada a purificação, a obtenção do padrão de sorgoleone (2 ? hidroxi ? 5 ? metoxi ? 3 ? [(8?Z,11?Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatrieno]-p-benzoquinona) e a quantificação desse marcador em raízes primárias de sorgo. As sementes de sorgo foram desinfectadas, colocadas em placas gerbox opacas e acondicionadas em câmara de germinação a 30 o C durante sete dias no escuro. Posteriormente, a extração foi feita mergulhando-se as raízes por 5 min em solução de ácido acético glacial em diclorometano 0,0025% v/v. A quantificação de sorgoleone nos extratos obtidos foi feita por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), utilizando-se uma curva de calibração. Foi avaliado o efeito do armazenamento de extratos e de raízes, utilizando-se três repetições para cada tratamento. Os extratos de raízes recém-coletadas foram armazenados a -20 o C por 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 e 21 dias. As raízes foram coletadas e imediatamente congeladas (20 o C) e armazenadas pelo mesmo período, quando foram submetidas à extração. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre a quantidade de sorgoleone em extratos armazenados e a de não armazenados, sendo observado o mesmo resultado em extratos obtidos de raízes frescas e armazenadas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o armazenamento por até 21 dias não altera o conteúdo de sorgoleone nos extratos.Número especial

Widespread HCO emission in the M82's nuclear starburst

We present a high-resolution (~ 5'') image of the nucleus of M82 showing the presence of widespread emission of the formyl radical (HCO). The HCO map, the first obtained in an external galaxy, reveals the existence of a structured disk of ~ 650 pc full diameter. The HCO distribution in the plane mimics the ring morphology displayed by other molecular/ionized gas tracers in M82. More precisely, rings traced by HCO, CO and HII regions are nested, with the HCO ring lying in the outer edge of the molecular torus. Observations of HCO in galactic clouds indicate that the abundance of HCO is strongly enhanced in the interfaces between the ionized and molecular gas. The surprisingly high overall abundance of HCO measured in M82 (X(HCO) ~ 4x10^{-10}) indicates that its nuclear disk can be viewed as a giant Photon Dominated Region (PDR) of ~ 650 pc size. The existence of various nested gas rings, with the highest HCO abundance occurring at the outer ring (X(HCO) ~ 0.8x10^{-9}), suggests that PDR chemistry is propagating in the disk. We discuss the inferred large abundances of HCO in M82 in the context of a starburst evolutionary scenario, picturing the M82 nucleus as an evolved starburst.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, to appear in ApJ Letters; corrected list of author