Intestinal glucose transport in carnivorous and herbivorous marine fishes

The influx and transepithelial movements of glucose and their effects on the electrophysiology and Na transport in upper and lower intestines of the herbivorous surgeonfish, Acanthurus mata , and carnivorous eel, Gymnothorax undulatus , were measured. The K t G and J max G of glucose influx into the tissues were higher in the surgeonfish upper intestine than in the surgeonfish lower intestine or in both segments of the eel intestine. A prominent diffusion-like transport component was also measured in all four segments during influx experiments. Net transepithelial glucose fluxes (0.05 mM) were greater in eel intestine than in those of the surgeonfish largely due to an apparent lower apical membrane permeability of the former coincident with reduced backflux of glucose from epithelium to lumen. All four stripped intestinal segments exhibited non-significant (from zero; P >0.05) or small, serosa-negative transepithelial potential differences (-0.1 to -2.2 mV), and low transepithelial resistances (40–88 O cm -2 ). Each tissue displayed significant ( P P >0.05) change the transepithelial resistance, but did induce a significant ( P J net Na with added luminal glucose, these increased net cation fluxes were not quite significant ( P >0.05). It is concluded that coupled Na-glucose transport occurs in these tissues, but that metabolic enhancement of unrelated current-generating mechanisms also takes place and may modify depolarizing effects of organic solute transfer

Measurement of insulin and other glucose-regulating peptide hormones.

Insulin activity is an important laboratory parameter in the clinical evaluation of several diseases such as diabetes mellitus types I and II, states of impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin-producing tumors (insulinomas), where the insulin secretion released from pancreas β-cells is altered