154 research outputs found
Hadron masses and power corrections to event shapes
It is widely believed that hadronisation leads to 1/Q corrections to e+e- event shapes. We show that there are further corrections, proportional to (ln Q)^A/Q with A=4C_A/beta_0~=1.6, associated with hadron masses and whose relative normalisations can be calculated from one observable to another. At today's energies these extra corrections can be of the same order of magnitude as `traditional' 1/Q corrections. They fall into two classes: universal and non-universal. The latter can be eliminated by suitable redefinitions of the observables
Geometric Scaling and QCD Dynamics in DIS
DIS data from HERA show a striking regularity as \sigma^{\gamma^* p} is a
function of the ratio \tau=Q^2/Q_s^2(x) only. The scaling function shows a
break at \tau ~ 1, which has been taken as an indication for saturation.
However, besides saturation also the transition between dominance of
k_t-ordered (DGLAP) and k_t-non-ordered (BFKL) evolution contributes to a break
around this value of \tau, as well as the suppression for small Q^2 due to
finite quark masses and confinement. In this paper we use a dipole cascade
model based on Mueller's dipole model, which also includes energy conservation
and pomeron mergins, to investigate the contributions of these different
effects to the scaling behaviour. As a result we predict that the scaling
function for \tau 1 GeV^2 become
available. We also investigate the scaling properties of the charm contribution
and the impact parameter dependence of the saturation scale.Comment: references added, figures 2, 7 and 8 updated v3: reference added,
some misprints correcte
OEDIPUS: Onium Evolution, Dipole Interaction and Perturbative Unitarisation Simulation
A Monte Carlo simulation program is presented which can be used to determine
the small- evolution of a heavy onium using Mueller's colour dipole
formulation, giving the full distribution of dipoles in rapidity and impact
parameter. Routines are also provided which calculate onium-onium scattering
amplitudes between individual pairs of onium configurations, making it possible
to establish the contribution of multiple pomeron exchange terms to onium-onium
scattering (the unitarisation corrections).Comment: 21 pages LaTeX2e. Postscript available from
http://www.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/theory/papers and program available from
ftp://axpf.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/pub/theory/oedipus.tar.g
Large multiplicity fluctuations and saturation effects in onium collisions
This paper studies two related questions in high energy onium-onium
scattering: the probability of producing an unusually large number of particles
in a collision, where it is found that the cross section for producing a
central multiplicity proportional to should decrease exponentially in
. Secondly, the nature of gluon (dipole) evolution when dipole
densities become so high that saturation effects due to dipole-dipole
interactions become important: measures of saturation are developed to help
understand when saturation becomes important, and further information is
obtained by exploiting changes of frame, which interchange unitarity and
saturation corrections.Comment: 30 pages LaTeX2e, 11 figures included using epsfig. Compressed
postscript of whole paper also available at
http://www.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/theory/papers
Studies of Unitarity at Small~ Using the Dipole Formulation
Mueller's dipole formulation of onium-onium scattering is used to study
unitarity corrections to the BFKL power growth at high energies. After a short
discussion of the spatial distribution of colour dipoles in a heavy quarkonium
and the associated fluctuations, results are presented showing that the one and
two-pomeron contributions to the total cross section are the same at a rapidity
. Above this rapidity the large fluctuations in the onium wave
function cause the multiple pomeron series to diverge. Resumming the series
allows one to show that unitarity corrections set in gradually for the total
cross section, which is dominated by rare, large, configurations of the onia.
The elastic cross section comes mostly from much smaller impact parameters and
has significant unitarity corrections starting at a rapidity .Comment: 30 pages LaTeX2e with 12 figures as appended as uuencoded eps. Uses
epsfig. Postscript file for complete paper available from
http://www.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/theory/papers/index.htm
Energy Conservation and Saturation in Small-x Evolution
Important corrections to BFKL evolution are obtained from non-leading
contributions and from non-linear effects due to unitarisation or saturation.
It has been difficult to estimate the relative importance of these effects, as
NLO effects are most easily accounted for in momentum space while unitarisation
and saturation are easier in transverse coordinate space. An essential
component of the NLO contributions is due to energy conservation effects, and
in this paper we present a model for implementing such effects together with
saturation in Mueller's dipole evolution formalism. We find that energy
conservation severely dampens the small-x rise of the gluon density and, as a
consequence, the onset of saturation is delayed. Using a simple model for the
proton we obtain a reasonable qualitative description of the x-dependence of F2
at low Q^2 as measured at HERA even without saturation effects. We also give
qualitative descriptions of the energy dependence of the cross section for
gamma*-gamma* and gamma*-nucleus scattering
Accurate QCD predictions for heavy-quark jets at the Tevatron and LHC
Heavy-quark jets are important in many of today's collider studies and
searches, yet predictions for them are subject to much larger uncertainties
than for light jets. This is because of strong enhancements in higher orders
from large logarithms, ln(p_t/m_Q). We propose a new definition of heavy-quark
jets, which is free of final-state logarithms to all orders and such that all
initial-state collinear logarithms can be resummed into the heavy-quark parton
distributions. Heavy-jet spectra can then be calculated in the massless
approximation, which is simpler than a massive calculation and reduces the
theoretical uncertainties by a factor of three. This provides the first ever
accurate predictions for inclusive b- and c-jets, and the latter have
significant discriminatory power for the intrinsic charm content of the proton.
The techniques introduced here could be used to obtain heavy-flavour jet
results from existing massless next-to-leading order calculations for a wide
range of processes. We also discuss the experimental applicability of our
flavoured jet definition.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure
Revisiting parton evolution and the large-x limit
This remark is part of an ongoing project to simplify the structure of the
multi-loop anomalous dimensions for parton distributions and fragmentation
functions. It answers the call for a "structural explanation" of a "very
suggestive" relation found by Moch, Vermaseren and Vogt in the context of the
x->1 behaviour of three-loop DIS anomalous dimensions. It also highlights
further structure that remains to be fully explained.Comment: 6 pages, v2 corrects misprints and contains an additional referenc
Diffractive Excitation in DIS and pp Collisions
We have in earlier papers presented an extension of Mueller's dipole cascade
model, which includes subleading effects from energy conservation and running
coupling as well as colour suppressed effects from pomeron loops via a ``dipole
swing''. The model was applied to describe the total cross sections in pp and
gamma*p collisions. In this paper we present a number of improvements of the
model, in particular related to the confinement mechanism. A consistent
treatment of dipole evolution and dipole--dipole interactions is achieved by
replacing the infinite range Coulomb potential by a screened potential, which
further improves the frame-independence of the model. We then apply the model
to elastic scattering and diffractive excitation, where we specifically study
the effects of different sources for fluctuations. In our formalism we can take
into account contributions from all different sources, from the dipole cascade
evolution, the dipole--dipole scattering, from the impact-parameter dependence,
and from the initial photon and proton wavefunctions. Good agreement is
obtained with data from the Tevatron and from HERA, and we also present some
predictions for the LHC.Comment: correction of titl
Power corrections and the interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative phenomena
We discuss the issue of interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative
phenomena for power corrections to e+e- event shapes.Comment: 7 pages, to appear in the proceedings of QCD99 Euroconference,
Montpellier, July 199
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