109 research outputs found
Pattern Matching in Multiple Streams
We investigate the problem of deterministic pattern matching in multiple
streams. In this model, one symbol arrives at a time and is associated with one
of s streaming texts. The task at each time step is to report if there is a new
match between a fixed pattern of length m and a newly updated stream. As is
usual in the streaming context, the goal is to use as little space as possible
while still reporting matches quickly. We give almost matching upper and lower
space bounds for three distinct pattern matching problems. For exact matching
we show that the problem can be solved in constant time per arriving symbol and
O(m+s) words of space. For the k-mismatch and k-difference problems we give
O(k) time solutions that require O(m+ks) words of space. In all three cases we
also give space lower bounds which show our methods are optimal up to a single
logarithmic factor. Finally we set out a number of open problems related to
this new model for pattern matching.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur
Nonlocal Astroparticles in Einstein's Universe
Gravitational probes should maintain spatial flatness for
Einsten-Infeld-Hoffmann dynamics of relativistic matter-energy. The continuous
elementary source/particle in Einstein's gravitational theory is the r^{-4}
radial energy density rather than the delta-operator density in empty-space
gravitation. The space energy integral of such an infinite (astro)particle is
finite and determines its nonlocal gravitational charge for the
energy-to-energy attraction of other nonlocal (astro)particles. The non-empty
flat space of the undivided material Universe is charged continuously by the
world energy density of the global ensemble of overlapping radial particles.
Nonlocal gravitational/inertial energy-charges incorporate Machian relativism
quantitatively into Einstein's gravitation for self-contained SR-GR dynamics
without references on Newton's mass-to-mass attraction.Comment: 9 pages, typos and arguments adde
Variation in incentive effects across neighbourhoods:An example from the Irish Longitudinal Study of ageing
Small monetary incentives increase survey cooperation rates, however evidence suggests that the appeal of incentives may vary across sample subgroups. Fieldwork budgets can be most effectively distributed by targeting those subgroups where incentives will have the strongest appeal. We examine data from a randomised experiment implemented in the pilot phase of the Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which randomly assigned households to receive a higher (€25) or lower (€10) incentive amount. Using a random effects logistic regression model, we observe a variable effect of the higher incentive across geographic neighbourhoods. The higher incentive has the largest impact in neighbourhoods where baseline cooperation is low, as predicted by Leverage-Saliency theory. Auxiliary neighbourhood-level variables are linked to the sample frame to explore this variation further, however none of these moderate the incentive effect, suggesting that richer information is needed to identify sample subgroups where incentive budgets should be directed
- …