15 research outputs found
The Method βcut cylinderβ for Approximation Round and Cylindrical Shape Objects and Its Comparison with Other Methods
A method has been developed to approximate the volumes of cylindrical objects by slices. The method is based on an algebraic formula of circle. It allows to determine the thickness by width of the cylindrical object measured on the current and subsequent slices, which enables the morphometry of histological sections made with unequal pitch. The ββcut cylinderββ method is compared with other popular approximation methods: unilateral rectangles, trapezoids and reconstructions in the Amira software. A theoretical comparison of approximation methods revealed that an error of less than 5% can be achieved for the unilateral rectangle method with more than 11, and for the trapezoidsβ method more than 6 slices. The ββcut cylinderββ algorithm allows to reproduce the contour of the cylindrical object in the most accurate way with a smaller number of slices - less than 6. In practical application of methods for round objects reconstructed by 6 histological sections with the equal pitch, the method of approximation by trapezoids gives a more accurate results and is easy to apply. In order to determine the thickness of the slice, the trapezoidsβ method can be supplemented by a βcut cylinderβ method, which contains a formula for determining the thickness of the slice by the width. The developed βcut cylinderβ method allows to obtain data comparable to 3D-reconstruction in the Amira software (FEI, USA), however with a large dispersion for sections with equal pitch. #CSOC1120. Β© 2020, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
The profile of the expressed genes, phenotype and phagocytic activity of resident macrophages of the liver were studied. It was found that most of the resident liver macrophages were F4/80+, CD68+, CD163+, and CD11b-. Induction of Π2 factor phenotypes increased CD86 expression as well as triggered ΠΠ67 expression. After activation of Ml and Π2 by inducers, resident liver macrophages enhanced the expression of main anti-inflammatory cytokines. Resident liver macrophages showed pronounced phagocytic activity, which faded up to 5 hours after the administration of latex particles, but the addition of inducers of both the Ml and Π2 phenotype stimulated phagocytosis during 24 hours.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ F4/80+, CD68+, CD163+, CD lib". ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π2-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ CD86 ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ67. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ M1 ΠΈ Π2 ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ 5 ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ M1, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π2 ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ· Π΄ΠΎ 24 ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Expression of Metalloproteinases and Type I and III Collagens during Healing of Excisional Skin Wound on the Abdomen and Back in Rats
The study was carried out using a novel rat model developed in our laboratory, namely16 mm diameter circular excisional wounds were generated on the abdomen which resulted in minimal scarring. Restoration of the skin integrity was completed by day 60 after the wounding surgery. By this time, regenerates on the abdomen were stronger than on the back (at, respectively, 58 and 17.4 % of the tensile strength of the intact skin at corresponding location) and the ratio of type I and type III collagens in regenerates on the abdomen reached the level of intact skin at the same location. On days 3 to 14, the ratio of Mmp9/Timp1 expression levels on the abdomen was higher than on the back. On days 20 and 30, the Mmp9/Timp1 ratio on the abdomen was identical to the level of intact skin, whereas the increased MMPs expression levels on the back were maintained until day 30. It has been shown for the first time that according to functional and molecular characteristics, wound healing on the abdomen of an adult rat is more similar to complete regeneration than scarring repair of the back skin. Β© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―Π¦ΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ ΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ Π‘Π£ΠΠ’ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π«Π‘
Hepatocyte proliferation is the main cellular mechanism of liver regeneration. However, after removal of more than 80 % of the liver mass, a temporary block of hepatocyte proliferation is observed, which may be the cause of impaired regeneration during transplantation and liver resection in the clinical practice. The current study aims to analyze the molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte proliferation impairment after subtotal liver resection in rats. In male Wistar rats, a model of liver regeneration after subtotal resection is reproduced β removal of more than 80 % of liver mass. Using the methods of immunohistochemistry, PCR-RT, western blot, possible molecular mechanisms of slowing down the proliferation of hepatocytes were studied. It was found that expression of cyclin D1 and E increased only 30 hours after surgery. Their appearance coincides with the beginning of transcription of genes for Cyclins D1 and E1 at 30 h after surgery. The corresponding increase in concentrations of cyclin D 1 and E proteins is further delayed till 48 h after surgery. These results indicate that, in this particular model, hepatocytes are reluctant to undergo transition between G 0 -and G 1 -phases of cell cycle. We have observed a prolonged decrease in the expression of proto-oncogene C-met (the hepatocyte growth factor receptor-encoding gene Met). We have also observed an increase in expression of the transforming growth factor beta-1 receptor-encoding gene TgfbrII. At the same time, irreversible block of hepatocyte proliferation was prevented by expression of certain factors, notably of the TWEAK/ Fn14 signaling pathway: concentrations of the corresponding proteins in remnant livers have peaked from 24 h to 48 h after surgery. Thus, after subtotal liver resection, the remaining hepatocytes are exposed to a large scope of both mitogenic and antimitogenic factors. Proliferative behavior of hepatocytes in remnant livers is determined by fine balance of these factors. The prevalence of antimitogenic factors in the early period after surgery delays the onset of hepatocyte proliferation. Β© 2018, Human Stem Cell Institute. All rights reserved.ΠΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 80 % ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ - ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡ. Π£ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ - ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 80 % ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ¦Π -Π Π ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½-Π±Π»ΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ D1 ΠΈ Π, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 30 Ρ., Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 48 Ρ. ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· G0- Π² G1,-ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π° C-met (Ρ 12 Π΄ΠΎ 48 Ρ.), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ HGF Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 2, 3 ΠΈ 7 ΡΡΡ.). ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° TGFb, - TgfbrII (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 6 ΠΈ 30 Ρ. ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ). Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² G1-ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ TWEAK/Fn14-ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ: Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 24-48 Ρ. ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ±Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π· ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² I ΠΈ III ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΡ
The study was carried out using a novel rat model developed in our laboratory, namely16 mm diameter circular excisional wounds were generated on the abdomen which resulted in minimal scarring. Restoration of the skin integrity was completed by day 60 after the wounding surgery. By this time, regenerates on the abdomen were stronger than on the back (at, respectively, 58 % and 17.4 % of the tensile strength of the intact skin at corresponding location) and the ratio of type I and type III collagens in regenerates on the abdomen reached the level of intact skin at the same location. On days 3 to 14, the ratio of Mmp9/Timp1 expression levels on the abdomen was higher than on the back. On days 20 and 30, the Mmp9/Timp1 ratio on the abdomen was identical to the level of intact skin, whereas the increased metalloproteinase expression levels on the back were maintained until day 30. It has been shown for the first time that according to functional and molecular characteristics, wound healing on the abdomen of an adult rat is more similar to complete regeneration than scarring repair of the back skin.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 16 ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΊ 60-ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ (58% ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ), ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅ (17.4% ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ), Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π° I ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π° III Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ 3-Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ 14-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Mmp9 / Timp1 Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π½Π° 20-Π΅ ΠΈ 30-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 30-Ρ
ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²
It has been established that resident macrophages using the example of Kupffer cells and monocytes differ in the profile of expressed genes. The observed differences in gene expression profiles do not allow to consider the resident liver macrophages as purely M2 macrophages or monocytes as purely M1 macrophages. At the same time, a significant proportion of the genes upregulated in Kupffer cells are associated with the normal regulation of liver functions (Arg 1, Flt, iNOs, Kng). In monocytes, a number of genes upregulated in comparison with Kupffer cells include Alox15, Alox12, and Toll-like receptor-encoding genes Tlr2, Tlr4, Tlr7, Tlr8. These represent typical functional genes of macrophages, which supports the view of monocytes as highly specialized blood macrophages.Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊ Π2-ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌ, Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ - ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π1-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅: Arg1 , Flt , iNos , Kng1 . Π£ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ: Alox15 , Alox12 , Tlr2 , Tlr4 , Tlr7 , Tlr8 , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²
Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
The profile of the expressed genes, phenotype and phagocytic activity of resident macrophages of the liver were studied. It was found that most of the resident liver macrophages were F4/80+, CD68+, CD163+, and CD11b-. Induction of Π2 factor phenotypes increased CD86 expression as well as triggered ΠΠ67 expression. After activation of Ml and Π2 by inducers, resident liver macrophages enhanced the expression of main anti-inflammatory cytokines. Resident liver macrophages showed pronounced phagocytic activity, which faded up to 5 hours after the administration of latex particles, but the addition of inducers of both the Ml and Π2 phenotype stimulated phagocytosis during 24 hours.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ F4/80+, CD68+, CD163+, CD lib". ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π2-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ CD86 ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ67. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ M1 ΠΈ Π2 ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ 5 ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ M1, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π2 ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ· Π΄ΠΎ 24 ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠ€Π£ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ― Π₯ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘Π₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ―
Macrophages of mammals are a heterogeneous population of cells. This applies both to the functional parameters of macrophages and to the sources of their development. The comparative characteristics of macrophages of embryonic origin on the example of Kupffer cells and macrophages of bone marrow origin on the example of macrophages of monocyte derivatives were carried out. Cultures of Kupffer cells and macrophages of monocytic origin were obtained. The phenotype, profile of gene expression of native macrophages activated in direction M1 and M2 was studied. The phenotype of isolated cultures is characterized by methods of immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry. Gene expression was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Under the influence of inducing factors, the phenotype of two populations of macrophages changes in a similar way: under the influence of M1-factors, the synthesis of CD86 and iNOs is activated in cells, under the influence of M2 - CD163 and Arg1. In Kupffer cells, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines - il4, il13, is more pronounced, and in macrophages of monocytic origin of pro-inflammatory cytokines - il1b, tnfa, il12a. The induction of the genes of proinflammatory cytokines in Kupffer cells is slower compared to macrophages of monocytic origin. Β© 2018 Human Stem Cell Institute. All rights reserved.ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² - ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ - ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π1- ΠΈ Π2-ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ². Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ: ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π1 ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· CD86 ΠΈ iNOs, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π2 - CD163 ΠΈ Arg1. Π ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² - il4, il13, Π° Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² - il1b, tnfa, il12a. ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Analysis of the Expression of Regulator Genes in Kupffer Cells and Monocytes
Differences in the gene expression profiles in resident macrophages (in particular, Kupffer cells) and monocytes were revealed. However, these differences in gene expression profiles do not allow considering resident liver macrophages as purely M2 macrophages and monocytes as purely M1 macrophages. At the same time, a significant number of the genes upregulated in Kupffer cells are associated with normal regulation of liver functions (Arg 1, Flt, iNOs, and Kng). In monocytes, the expression of genes Alox15, Alox12, Tlr2, Tlr4, Tlr7, and Tlr8 (typical functional genes of macrophages) was also upregulated in comparison with Kupffer cells. Β© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Understanding mechanisms of the umbilical cord-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated recovery enhancement in rat model of limb ischemia
Umbilical cord-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MMSCs) are considered as a strong candidate for cell therapy of lower limb ischemia. Sustained calf muscle ischemia with aseptic inflammatory response was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by excision of femoral and popliteal arteries. UC-MSCs were injected into the calf muscle on day 7 after surgery. The animals were sacrificed on days 3, 10, and 30 after transplantation. Animals responded to the transplantation by temporary improvement in their locomotor function as assessed by the rota-rod performance test. Measured size of the lesions was significantly smaller in the experimental group than in the control group at all time points throughout the observation. The transplantation stimulated angiogenic processes on day 10 after transplantation. Living transplanted cells were traced for up to 30 days after transplantation, during which time they migrated to the damaged area to be partially eliminated by host macrophages; none of them differentiated into endothelial or smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. Additionally, the transplantation led to the predominance of activated pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages by inhibiting the CD68+ macrophage infiltration and stimulating the CD206+ macrophage activation at the site of injury. A single intramuscular injection of allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells reproducibly facilitated recovery of structural and functional properties of surgically ischemized calf muscles in a rat. No differentiation of the transplanted cells in vivo was observed. The transplantation negatively regulated inflammation and enhanced tissue repair chiefly by modulating local patterns of macrophage activation. Β© 2018 Human Stem Cell Institute. All rights reserved