Canine ehrlichiosis in Egypt: sero-epidemiological survey

A total of 374 dogs, 252 from five military kennels and 122 privately owned, were tested for Ehrlichia canis antibody. Sera were tested at a 1:20 dilution by indirect fluorescent antibody with the use of E. canis cell-culture antigen slides. The overall prevalence of E. canis antibody was 33%. Antibody prevalence among military dogs (29 %) was significantly lower than among privately owned dogs (41 %; P < 0,05) . The E. canis seroprevalence among dogs infested with ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) was higher (44 %) than that among uninfested dogs (31 %; P = 0,08) . The seroprevalence among military dogs varied from 21-46% at the five kennels; lower prevalences were observed in kennels with higher sanitary and hygienic conditions. Age- and sex-related E. canis antibody prevalences were not significantly different among military and privately owned dogs, although adult and male privately owned dogs had the highest seroprevalences (45% and 44 %, respectively). Three dogs with epistaxis had E. canis antibody titres > 1:320. These data demonstrate the first laboratory evidence of E. canis infection among dogs in Egypt.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Naval Medical Research and Development Command, NMC, NCR, Bethesda, MD.mn201

Rickettsial infections and their clinical presentations in the Western Province of Sri Lanka: a hospital-based study

SummaryBackgroundRickettsial infections are re-emerging. A study of the geographical distribution of rickettsial infections, their clinical manifestations, and their complications would facilitate early diagnosis.MethodsThirty-one selected patients from the Western Province of Sri Lanka were studied for rickettsial species, clinical manifestations, and complications.ResultsOf 31 patients with possible rickettsioses, 29 (94%) fell into the categories of confirmed, presumptive, or exposed cases of acute rickettsial infections (scrub typhus was diagnosed in 19 (66%), spotted fever group in eight (28%)). Early acute infection or past exposure was suggested in two (7%) cases; cross-reactivity of antigens or past exposure to one or more species was suggested in nine (31%). Seventeen out of 19 (89%) patients with scrub typhus had eschars. Nine out of 29 (32%) patients had a discrete erythematous papular rash: seven caused by spotted fever group, two by scrub typhus. Severe complications were pneumonitis in eight (28%), myocarditis in five (17%), deafness in four (14%), and tinnitus in two (7%). The mean duration of illness before onset of complications was 12.0 (SD 1.4) days. All patients except one made a good clinical recovery with doxycycline or a combination of doxycycline and chloramphenicol.ConclusionsIn a region representing the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka, the main rickettsial agent seems to be Orientia tsutsugamushi. Delay in diagnosis may result in complications. All species responded well to current treatment