New Records of Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) from Ukraine. VI

Nine species of hoverflies of the subfamilies Eristalinae, Pipizinae and Syrphinae are recorded from Ukraine for the first time: Cheilosia himantopus (Panzer, 1798), Orthonevra incisa (Loew, 1843), Neocnemodon verrucula (Collin, 1931), Pipiza luteibarba Vujić, Radenković & Polić, 2008, Trichopsomyia joratensis (Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1997), T. lucida (Meigen, 1822), Dasysyrphus neovenustus Soszyński, Mielczarek & Tofilski, 2013, Platycheirus europaeus Goeldlin de Tiefenau, Maibach & Speight, 1990, P. sticticus (Meigen, 1822). Distributions of these species are summarized and species diagnoses are provided

Specific shoot formation in Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Poaceae) under different environmental factors and DNA passportization using ISSR markers

The generic complex Miscanthus Anderss. (Poaceae) is a unique example among herbaceous plants characterized by high values of growth of aboveground vegetative mass and practical use as a valuable source of alternative energy. Miscanthus is one of the most efficient solar energy accumulators, and since phytomeliorative use implies the cultivation of these resource plants in inconvenient and semi-shady areas, the question about the effect of insufficient lighting on the productivity of Miscanthus arises. As a result of a long-lasing introduction effort, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS created a population of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., which has good prospects for growing under the conditions of the forest-steppe area in Western Siberia. The goals of our study were: (1) to determine the peculiarities of shoot formation, (2) to assess the cellulose and lignin accumulation in M. sacchariflorus populations under different lighting conditions and (3) to perform a DNA passportization of the Miscanthus population by ISSR marking. Evaluation of shoot formation and the amount of accumulated cellulose and lignin in plants was carried out under different degrees of illumination: one variant was grown in a sunny area, and the other, in partial shade. As a result of analysis of variance, it was found that the number of shoots does not depend on environmental conditions, but on the age of the plant, while environmental conditions have a significant effect on plant height. Although the samples of both M. sacchariflorus variants were characterized by different rates of creation of a continuous projective cover, plants in semi-shaded areas formed up to 89.34 % of shoots compared to their peers in illuminated areas, which did not affect significantly the size of the aboveground mass and the cellulose content in it. As a result of ISSR-analysis of genomic DNA in the M. sacchariflorus population, unique molecular polymorphic fragments were identified, which can be used for identification and DNA passportization at the inter-population level. Thus, the complex use of M. sacchariflorus as a valuable meliorative and bioenergetic culture is due to the high adaptive potential of this species. It was found that the illumination factor has virtually no effect on the amount of the cellulose content in the shoot, and a reduced content of the technologically undesirable lignin was observed in plants growing in the partial shade conditions

Features of the resource species Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. when introduced in West Siberia

Here we provide a scientific justification and experimental support for the choice of easily renewable cellulosic feedstock Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. in order to obtain high-quality nutrient broths therefrom for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis. The plant life-forms promising for breeding were screened under introduction conditions at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, and this study was thus aimed at investigating the full and reduced ontogenetic patterns; cellulose and noncellulosic contents, including lignin; and duraminization of vegetative (feedstock source) organs throughout the seasonal development. The full ontogenetic patterns of the plants grown from seeds that had been collected in native habitats were compared to show that M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis Anderss. accessions are distinguished by longer being at the most vulnerable developmental stages: seedlings and plantlets. Hence, it is preferable to cultivate seedlings on protected ground, and plantations are advisable to establish with more stable cloned vegetative material. The chemical compositions of the whole plant, leaf and stem separately, from seven M. sacchariflorus harvests were examined to reveal a rise in cellulose content and a drop in noncellulosic content with plantation age. The Miscanthus stem was found to contain more cellulose than the leaf, regardless of the plant age. The overall cellulose content was 48−53 %, providing a rationale for studies of bacterial cellulose biosynthesis in a M. sacchariflorusderived nutrient medium. Since high lignin content is undesirable for technological processes concerned with biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose, we performed histochemical assays of transverse sections of the culms to monitor the seasonal course of lignification. Our results suggest that the specific time limits for harvesting the aboveground biomass as a feedstock be validated by histochemical data on the seasonal course of lignification of M. sacchariflorus sprouts. To sum up, the examined chemical composition of M. sacchariflorus grown in the Siberian climate conditions demonstrated its prospects as a source of glucose substrate, the basic component of good-quality nutrient media for biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose

The intellectual information system for management of geological and technical arrangements during oil field exploitation

The intellectual information system for management of geological and technical arrangements during oil fields exploitation is developed. Service-oriented architecture of its software is a distinctive feature of the system. The results of the cluster analysis of real field data received by means of this system are shown

Resource potential of some species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. under conditions of continental climate of West Siberian forest-steppe

In the meantime, search for environmentally friendly renewable energy sources alternative to fossil fuel has been driven by energy security challenges including limited availability of fuel and energy price fluctuations. Therefore herbal perennial grasses with their rapid growth and prominent biomass yield increasingly make it a favorite choice as a valuable agricultural crop usable for cellulosic ethanol production. As an example, the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (silvergrass) comprises ca. 14–20 species including M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack., M. sinensis Anderss., M. purpurascens Anderss, and M. × giganteus, which appear to be an almost inexhaustible source of sustainable raw material, and several Miscanthus species were investigated as a potential biofuel energy crop with commercially viable way of its producing. Introduction and investigation of Miscanthus species were initiated in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia) based on the grass and ornamental plant collection in the late 1990s. The paper objective is studying the biological traits of three Miscanthus species introduced into the CSBG SB RAS, selection and genetic identification of cultivars and varieties as the most perspective agricultural crop. To evaluate the potential crop yield and selection prospects of Miscanthus species being competitive as a valuable biofuel energy crop, the authors have estimated seasonal rhythms of model species development in the continental climate conditions of West Siberia. The article characterizes different Miscanthus varieties obtained either by the ex situ or in situ methods; presents the biochemical analysis of plant material and molecular identification of three Miscanthus species introduced into the CSBG SB RAS. The seasonal development analysis of three selected varieties of Miscanthus (M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, and M. purpurascens) proved the hydrometeorological conditions to be advantageous for prominent biomass yield, e. g. contributory to use Miscanthus in West Siberia as an easy to grow cellulose-rich grass. Molecular markers applicable in DNA-identification and genetic passportization of Miscanthus varieties have been established, which are perspective as such an economically available plant material as alternative non-woody source of cellulose

ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ В РОССИИ

The article analyzed institutional mechanisms of supporting “growth points” of the innovative economy in Russia, which strategically positions itself in the global market as one of the world technology leaders.In Russia nowadays, there is no organizational structure where the level of concentration and reproduction of intellectual resources would create a potential of advanced manufacturing technologies on the principles of the 6th technological mode. Therefore, there is an urge in Russia to create institutional conditions for the formation and functioning of points of growth of an innovative economy based on advanced manufacturing technologies.В статье анализируются институциональные механизмы поддержки точек роста инновационной экономики в России, которая стратегически позиционирует себя на глобальном рынке в качестве одного из мировых технологических лидеров. В России в настоящее время ни в одной организационной структуре уровень концентрации и воспроизводства интеллектуальных ресурсов не формирует потенциал создания передовых производственных технологий на принципах шестого технологического уклада. Поэтому в России актуально создание институциональных условий для формирования и функционирования точек роста инновационной экономики на базе прорывных производственных технологий

Новое определение и эпидемиология туберкулеза с широкой лекарственной устойчивостью микобактерий туберкулеза в 2020 году

The objective: to study the epidemiology and incidence of XDR tuberculosis given the updated definition.Subjects and Methods. The results of replies to the specialized inquiry by the Russian Ministry of Health about results of microbiological diagnostics and MTB drug susceptibility tests were studied. To assess the incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance, general population data were used, and for extensive drug resistance, data from 8 regions of Russia were used.Results. The incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance was 39,1% [95% CI 38,4–39,8] among tuberculosis cases with rifampicin resistance including 26,8% in new cases [95% CI 25,8–27,9]; among all cases receiving treatment for whom DST results were available, it made 20,2%, including primary resistance in 9,7%. The incidence of XDR among cases with pre-extensive drug resistance was 3,0% [95% uncertainty interval 1,8–5,3] for all cases, including primary resistance in 1,6% [95% uncertainty interval 0,2–5,7].Conclusion. Despite the low incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance, it is expected to increase primarily due to growing resistance to fluoroquinolones. Resistance to innovative drugs, in particular XDR, is not yet a serious problem.Цель исследования: изучить эпидемиологию и частоту туберкулеза с ШЛУ МБТ в обновленной дефиниции.Материалы и методы. Изучены результаты ответа на специализированный запрос Минздрава России о результатах микробиологической диагностики и тестов на лекарственную чувствительность МБТ. Для изучения частоты предширокой лекарственной устойчивости использовались сведения генеральной совокупности, а для широкой лекарственной устойчивости – 8 регионов России.Результаты. Частота предширокой лекарственной устойчивости составила среди случаев туберкулеза с устойчивостью к рифампицину 39,1% [95%ДИ 38,4–39,8], в том числе у впервые выявленных – 26,8% [95%ДИ 25,8–27,9]; среди всех случаев лечения, имеющих результаты тестов – 20,2%, в том числе первичная – 9,7%. Частота ШЛУ МБТ среди случаев с предширокой лекарственной устойчивостью составила 3,0% [95% интервал неопределенности 1,8–5,3] для всех случаев, в т. ч. первичная 1,6% [95% интервал неопределенности 0,2–5,7].Заключение. Несмотря на невысокую частоту предширокой лекарственной устойчивости, ожидается ее рост, прежде всего за счет роста устойчивости к фторхинолонам. Устойчивость к инновационным препаратам, в частности ШЛУ МБТ, еще не представляет серьезной проблемы

The formation and the study of a collection of the Miscanthus resource species gene pool in the conditions of the West Siberian forest steppe

Several species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (elephant grass) characterized by a high rate of growth of the aboveground vegetative mass are currently in the focus of attention due to their high practical application as a source of bioethanol and cellulose. The main goals of this study were: (1) molecular genetic identification and (2) histochemical analysis of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. species in the collection of Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS in order to identify the most perspective and technically valuable individuals. To study the collection of Miscanthus samples, a multi-disciplinary approach was applied. To collect the samples of different species from native habitats, traditional systematic and geobotanical methods (comparative morphological and phytocenological) were used. According to the results of the ISSR-analysis, 16 samples of three Miscanthus species were divided into two clades: Sinensis and Sacchariflorus, the former including two subclades. For the samples of M. purpurascens_I and II, a hybrid origin of this species was confirmed by ISSR data. The molecular data obtained from the study allowed us to hypothesize that the samples involved in the subclade I of the Sinensis clade could be used as donors of resistance to adverse environments, and the samples of the subclade II, as donors of high biomass productivity. Based on histochemical analysis, sclerenchyma cells were characterized by the most lignin-rich thickened membranes, so the most appropriate direction in Miscanthus selection should be based on identification and using less lignin-containing samples

ВИРУСНЫЙ ГЕПАТИТ А С РАЗВИТИЕМ АПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ АНЕМИИ У РЕБЕНКА 5 ЛЕТ (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

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Optimisation of Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica) Galactoglucomannan Sulfation Process with Sulfamic Acid in DMSO

Изучено влияние температуры, продолжительности процесса сульфатирования галактоглюкоманнана древесины лиственницы и количества сульфатирующего комплекса на содержание серы (мас.%) в сульфатах галактоглюкоманнана при сульфатировании сульфаминовой кислотой в ДМСО в присутствии мочевины. Путем математической оптимизации по плану Бокса-Бенкена установлены условия сульфатирования, позволяющие достичь высокого содержания серы в сульфатах галактоглюкоманнана. Оптимальными условиями сульфатирования галактоглюкоманнана древесины лиственницы являются температура 89,5 °C, продолжительность 2,3 часа, количество сульфатирующего комплекса на 1 г галактоглюкоманнана 55,4 ммоль. Высокое качество аппроксимации доказано высоким значением R 2 adj = 92,9 %, а также значениями P<0,0019 (с допустимым диапазоном значений 0,05). Введение сульфатной группы в молекулу галактоглюкоманнана подтверждено методами ИК‑спектроскопии и элементного анализаThe influence of temperature, duration of the process of sulfation of larch wood galactoglucomannan, and the amount of the sulfating complex on the sulfur content (wt %) in galactoglucomannan sulfates during sulfation with sulfamic acid in DMSO in the presence of urea was studied. By mathematical optimization according to the Box-Behnken plan, sulfation conditions were established to achieve a high sulfur content in galactoglucomannan sulfates. The optimal conditions for sulfation of larch wood galactoglucomannan are temperature 89.5 °C, duration 2.3 hours, amount of sulfating complex per 1 g galactoglucomannan 55.4 mmol. The high quality of the approximation is proved by the high value of R 2adj = 92.9 %, as well as by the values P<0.0019 (with an allowable range of 0.05). The introduction of a sulfate group into the galactoglucomannan molecule was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysi