The Horizontal Component of Photospheric Plasma Flows During the Emergence of Active Regions on the Sun

The dynamics of horizontal plasma flows during the first hours of the emergence of active region magnetic flux in the solar photosphere have been analyzed using SOHO/MDI data. Four active regions emerging near the solar limb have been considered. It has been found that extended regions of Doppler velocities with different signs are formed in the first hours of the magnetic flux emergence in the horizontal velocity field. The flows observed are directly connected with the emerging magnetic flux; they form at the beginning of the emergence of active regions and are present for a few hours. The Doppler velocities of flows observed increase gradually and reach their peak values 4-12 hours after the start of the magnetic flux emergence. The peak values of the mean (inside the +/-500 m/s isolines) and maximum Doppler velocities are 800-970 m/s and 1410-1700 m/s, respectively. The Doppler velocities observed substantially exceed the separation velocities of the photospheric magnetic flux outer boundaries. The asymmetry was detected between velocity structures of leading and following polarities. Doppler velocity structures located in a region of leading magnetic polarity are more powerful and exist longer than those in regions of following polarity. The Doppler velocity asymmetry between the velocity structures of opposite sign reaches its peak values soon after the emergence begins and then gradually drops within 7-12 hours. The peak values of asymmetry for the mean and maximal Doppler velocities reach 240-460 m/s and 710-940 m/s, respectively. An interpretation of the observable flow of photospheric plasma is given.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables. The results of article were presented at the ESPM-13 (12-16 September 2011, Rhodes, Greece, Abstract Book p. 102, P.4.12, http://astro.academyofathens.gr/espm13/documents/ESPM13_abstract_programme_book.pdf

The Relationship Between Plasma Flow Doppler Velocities and Magnetic Field Parameters During the Emergence of Active Regions at the Solar Photospheric Level

A statistical study has been carried out of the relationship between plasma flow Doppler velocities and magnetic field parameters during the emergence of active regions at the solar photospheric level with data acquired by the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We have investigated 224 emerging active regions with different spatial scales and positions on the solar disc. The following relationships for the first hours of the emergence of active regions have been analysed: i) of peak negative Doppler velocities with the position of the emerging active regions on the solar disc; ii) of peak plasma upflow and downflow Doppler velocities with the magnetic flux growth rate and magnetic field strength for the active regions emerging near the solar disc centre (the vertical component of plasma flows); iii) of peak positive and negative Doppler velocities with the magnetic flux growth rate and magnetic field strength for the active regions emerging near the limb (the horizontal component of plasma flows); iv) of the magnetic flux growth rate with the density of emerging magnetic flux; v) of the Doppler velocities and magnetic field parameters for the first hours of the appearance of active regions with the total unsigned magnetic flux at the maximum of their development.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. The results of article were presented at the ESPM-13 (12-16 September 2011, Rhodes, Greece, Abstract Book p. 102-103, P.4.13, http://astro.academyofathens.gr/espm13/documents/ESPM13_abstract_programme_book.pdf

Measurement of the Pion Form Factor in the Energy Range 1.04-1.38 GeV with the CMD-2 Detector

The cross section for the process $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-$ is measured in the c.m. energy range 1.04-1.38 GeV from 995 000 selected collinear events including 860000 $e^+e^-$ events, 82000 $\mu^+\mu^-$ events, and 33000 $\pi^+\pi^-$ events. The systematic and statistical errors of measuring the pion form factor are equal to 1.2-4.2 and 5-13%, respectively.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Investigation of the Chaotic Dynamics of an Electron Beam with a Virtual Cathode in an External Magnetic Field

The effect of the strength of the focusing magnetic field on chaotic dynamic processes occurring inan electron beam with a virtual cathode, as well as on the processes whereby the structures form in the beamand interact with each other, is studied by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations based on solving a self-consistent set of Vlasov-Maxwell equations. It is shown that, as the focusing magnetic field is decreased,the dynamics of an electron beam with a virtual cathode becomes more complicated due to the formation andinteraction of spatio-temporal longitudinal and transverse structures in the interaction region of a vircator. The optimum efficiency of the interaction of an electron beam with the electromagnetic field of the vircator isachieved at a comparatively weak external magnetic field and is determined by the fundamentally two-dimensional nature of the motion of the beam electrons near the virtual cathode.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Test of exotic scalar and tensor interactions in K_e3 decay using stopped positive kaons

The form factors of the decay K+ --> pi0 e+ nu (K_e3) have been determined from the comparison of the experimental and Monte Carlo Dalitz distributions containing about 10^5 K_e3 events. The following values of the parameters were obtained: lambda_+ = 0.0278 +- 0.0017(stat) +- 0.0015(syst), f_S/f_+(0) = 0.0040 +- 0.0160(stat) +- 0.0067(syst) and f_T/f_+(0) = 0.019 +- 0.080(stat) +- 0.038(syst). Both scalar f_S and tensor f_T form factors are consistent with the Standard Model predictions of zero values.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, contributed to the proceedings of NANP Conference, Dubna, June 19-23, 200

Особенности этиологии и эпидемиологии сочетанных острых кишечных инфекций у детей

Objective: to study the frequency, etiological, age, epidemiological features of combined acute intestinal infections in children.Materials and methods. In n the Department of intestinal infections of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for  Infectious Diseases within a year have observed 167 children with combined acute intestinal infections regardless of the severity of the disease. The etiology of the acute intestinal infections was verified by bacteriological, serological methods, PCR reagents “AmpliSens® AII screen-FL. Criteria for inclusion of patients in the study: no signs of nosocomial OKA. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Excel 2007. Student’s criterion was used to estimate the difference of the studied data. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Results. Combined acute intestinal infections were diagnosed in 5,6% of 2968 patients, among whom children under 1 year were 21,6%, from 1 to 3 years – 48,4%, from 4 to 7 years – 18%, from 8 to 14 years – 9%, from 14 to 18 years – 3%. The combination of bacterial pathogens was noted in 12% of patients; viral – in 37,1%; viral and bacterial – in 50,9%. Viral-bacterial AII had rises in the  frequency of diagnosis in spring, summer, autumn; viral-viral acute intestinal infections – in spring and autumn, bacterial-bacterial acute intestinal infections – in autumn. Infants in the structure of patients with viral-viral acute intestinal infections were 23,3%, viral-bacterial acute intestinal infections – 29,6%, bacterial-bacterial acute intestinal infections – 5%; young age – 45%; 47,%; 40%; preschool age– 25%; 23,3%; 15,5%; school age – 30%; 8.3%; 7%  respectively. Among of associates the bacterial-bacterial acute intestinal infections, diarrheal Escherichia (60%), Salmonella (50%) and Campylobacters (40%) dominated. Among of associates of the viral-viral acute intestinal infections noroviruses (74,2%) and rotaviruses (at 69,4%) dominated. Among of viral associates of viral-bacterial acute intestinal infections more prevalent were rotaviruses (52,9%) and noroviruses (27,1%); among bacterial associates were diarrheal Escherichia (at 51,8%).The results of the study allowed establish etiological, seasonal, age patterns of formation of the epidemiological process of intestinal infections of combined etiology in children. Цель: изучить частоту, этиологические, возрастные, эпидемиологические особенности сочетанных острых кишечных инфекций у детей.Материалы и методы. В Детском научно-клиническом центре инфекционных болезней в течение года наблюдали 167 детей с сочетанными острыми кишечными инфекциями вне зависимости от тяжести заболевания. Этиологию острых кишечных инфекций верифицировали бактериологическими, серологическими методами, ПЦР с реагентами «АмплиСенс® ОКИ скрин-FL. Критерии включения больных в исследование: отсутствие признаков внутрибольничной острой кишечной инфекции. Статистический анализ результатов проводили с помощью пакета Excel 2007. Для оценки различия изучаемых данных использовали критерий Стьюдента. Различия считали значимыми при р<0,05.Результаты. Сочетанные острые кишечные инфекции диагностировали у 5,6% из 2968 больных, среди которых дети до 1 года составили 21,6%, от 1 до 3 лет – 48,4%, от 4 до 7 лет – 18%, от 8 до 14 лет – 9%, от 14 до 18 лет – 3%. Сочетание бактериальных возбудителей отмечено у 12% больных; вирусных – у 37,1%; вирусныхи бактериальных – у 50,9%. Вирусно-бактериальные острые кишечные инфекции имели подъемы частоты диагностики весной, летом, осенью; вирусно-вирусные острые кишечные инфекции – весной и осенью, бактериально-бактериальные острые кишечные инфекции –осенью. Дети грудного возраста в структуре больных вирусно-вирусными острыми кишечными инфекциями составили 23,3%, вирусно-бактериальными острыми кишечными инфекциями – 29,6%, бактериально-бактериальными острыми кишечными инфекциями – 5%; раннего возраста – 45%; 47,%; 40%; дошкольного возраста – 25%; 23,3%; 15,5%; школьного возраста – 30%; 8,3%; 7% соответственно. Среди ассоциантов бактериально-бактериальных острых кишечных инфекций доминировали диареегенные эшерихии (в 60%), сальмонеллы (в 50%) и кампилобактеры (в 40%). Среди ассоциантов вирусно-вирусных острых кишечных инфекций доминировали норовирусы (в 74,2%) и ротавирусы (в 69,4%). Среди вирусных ассоциантов вирусно-бактериальных острых кишечных инфекций чаще выявлялись ротавирусы (в 52,9%) и норовирусы (в 27,1%), среди бактериальных  ассоциантов – диареегенные эшерихии (в 51,8%). Результаты исследования позволили установить этиологические, сезонные, возрастные закономерности формирования эпидемиологического процесса кишечных инфекций сочетанной этиологии у детей. 

Self-similar solution of a nonsteady problem of nonisothermal vapour condensation on a droplet growing in diffusion regime

This paper presents a mathematically exact self-similar solution to the joint nonsteady problems of vapour diffusion towards a droplet growing in a vapour-gas medium and of removal of heat released by a droplet into a vapour-gas medium during vapour condensation. An equation for the temperature of the droplet is obtained; and it is only at that temperature that the self-similar solution exists. This equation requires the constancy of the droplet temperature and even defines it unambiguously throughout the whole period of the droplet growth. In the case of strong display of heat effects, when the droplet growth rate decreases significantly, the equation for the temperature of the droplet is solved analytically. It is shown that the obtained temperature fully coincides with the one that settles in the droplet simultaneously with the settlement of its diffusion regime of growth. At the obtained temperature of the droplet the interrelated nonsteady vapour concentration and temperature profiles of the vapour-gas medium around the droplet are expressed in terms of initial (prior to the nucleation of the droplet) parameters of the vapour-gas medium. The same parameters are used to formulate the law in accordance with which the droplet is growing in diffusion regime, and also to define the time that passes after the nucleation of the droplet till the settlement of diffusion regime of droplet growth, when the squared radius of the droplet becomes proportionate to time. For the sake of completeness the case of weak display of heat effects is been studied.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

A glassy contribution to the heat capacity of hcp 4^4He solids

We model the low-temperature specific heat of solid $^4$He in the hexagonal closed packed structure by invoking two-level tunneling states in addition to the usual phonon contribution of a Debye crystal for temperatures far below the Debye temperature, $T < \Theta_D/50$. By introducing a cutoff energy in the two-level tunneling density of states, we can describe the excess specific heat observed in solid hcp $^4$He, as well as the low-temperature linear term in the specific heat. Agreement is found with recent measurements of the temperature behavior of both specific heat and pressure. These results suggest the presence of a very small fraction, at the parts-per-million (ppm) level, of two-level tunneling systems in solid $^4$He, irrespective of the existence of supersolidity.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

РАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МЕТОДИКИ ФОТОХРОМОТЕРАПИИ В КОМПЛЕКСНОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ОСТРЫХ КИШЕЧНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ

Aim. The objective of the study was to substantiate the rationality of using monochromatic polarized incoherent optical radiation  (photochromotherapy) on the abdomen as a supplement to the  standard program for the treatment of acute intestinal infections in  children.Material and methods. Twenty-six children with acute intestinal  infections from 6 months to 12 years old were observed during  inpatient treatment. In the comparison group (n = 11), children  received standard therapy, including diet therapy, rehydration,  sorbents, probiotics or prebiotics, as well as indications for etiotropic  drugs. In the main group, patients (n = 15) in addition to standard  therapy received photochromotherapy as an effect on the abdomen  with monochromatic polarized incoherent optical radiation from the  Bioptron apparatus with a blue filter at a distance of 5 cm labile along the bowel. The duration of photochromotherapy was 5 minutes, the course of treatment included 4-5 sessions 1 time per  day. The effectiveness of the therapy regimens used in the groups  was assessed by the duration of the disease, the length of inpatient  treatment, the dynamics of changes in the clinical blood test at the  time of discharge. Results. The advantage of the technique with the addition of  standard treatment of acute intestinal infections by photochromotherapy was established. In the main group of  patients, the duration of the disease was significantly shorter  (9,1±0,8 days) compared to the comparison group (10,2±1,5 days,  p=0,02) against the background of a significant decrease in the severity of inflammatory manifestations in the hemogram in form of  a decrease in thrombocytosis. Conclusion. The obtained data make it  possible to recommend the method of photochromotherapy in the  complex therapy of intestinal infections of various etiologies in  children older than 6 months.Цель – обоснование рациональности использования монохроматического поляризованного  некогерентного оптического излучения (фотохромотерапии) на область живота в качестве  дополнения стандартной базисной медикаментозной программы лечения острых кишечных инфекций у детей.Материалы и методы. Наблюдали 26 детей с острыми кишечными инфекциями от 6  месяцев до 12 лет в период стационарного лечения. В группе сравнения (n=11) дети  получали стандартную терапию ОКИ, включающую диетотерапию, регидратацию, сорбенты,  пробиотики или пребиотики, а также по показаниям этиотропные препараты. В основной  группе пациенты (n=15) дополнительно к стандартной базисной медикаментозной терапии  получали фотохромотерапию в виде воздействия на область живота монохроматическим поляризованным некогерентным оптическим излучением от аппарата  «Bioptron» с фильтром синего спектра с расстояния 2–3 см лабильно по ходу кишечника. Длительность фотохромотерапии составляла 5 минут, курс лечения включал 4–5  сеансов по 1 разу в сутки. Эффективность использованных схем терапии в группах оценивали по длительности заболевания, длительности лечения в стационаре,  динамике изменений в клиническом анализе крови к моменту выписки.Результаты. Установлено преимущество методики с дополнением стандартного базисного  медикаментозного лечения острых кишечных инфекций фотохромотерапией. В основной  группе пациентов наблюдалось значительно меньшая длительность заболевания (9,1±0,8  дней) по сравнению с группой сравнения (10,2±1,5 дней; p=0,02) за счет повышения  неспецифической реактивности организма на фоне активного снижения выраженности  системного воспалительного  ответа, что проявилось в достоверно более высоком значении  нормального среднего уровня СОЭ, менее высокой частоте тромбоцитоза и нормальном  среднем уровне количества тромбоцитов в гемограмме к моменту выписки из стационара в  противовес относительно повышенному количеству тромбоцитов у детей группы сравнения.  Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют рекомендовать методику фотохромотерапии в составе комплексной терапии кишечных инфекций различной этиологии у детей старше 6 месяцев

Defects and glassy dynamics in solid He-4: Perspectives and current status

We review the anomalous behavior of solid He-4 at low temperatures with particular attention to the role of structural defects present in solid. The discussion centers around the possible role of two level systems and structural glassy components for inducing the observed anomalies. We propose that the origin of glassy behavior is due to the dynamics of defects like dislocations formed in He-4. Within the developed framework of glassy components in a solid, we give a summary of the results and predictions for the effects that cover the mechanical, thermodynamic, viscoelastic, and electro-elastic contributions of the glassy response of solid He-4. Our proposed glass model for solid He-4 has several implications: (1) The anomalous properties of He-4 can be accounted for by allowing defects to freeze out at lowest temperatures. The dynamics of solid He-4 is governed by glasslike (glassy) relaxation processes and the distribution of relaxation times varies significantly between different torsional oscillator, shear modulus, and dielectric function experiments. (2) Any defect freeze-out will be accompanied by thermodynamic signatures consistent with entropy contributions from defects. It follows that such entropy contribution is much smaller than the required superfluid fraction, yet it is sufficient to account for excess entropy at lowest temperatures. (3) We predict a Cole-Cole type relation between the real and imaginary part of the response functions for rotational and planar shear that is occurring due to the dynamics of defects. Similar results apply for other response functions. (4) Using the framework of glassy dynamics, we predict low-frequency yet to be measured electro-elastic features in defect rich He-4 crystals. These predictions allow one to directly test the ideas and very presence of glassy contributions in He-4.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figure