733 research outputs found
The Effect of varying Ground-state Aromaticity on the First Molecular Electronic Hyperpolarizabilites of Organic Donor-Acceptor Molecules
A series of compounds of the form 4-dimethylaminophenyl–polyene–acceptor, where the polyene ranges from nothing to all-trans-1,3,5-hexatriene and the acceptor is 2-nitrovinyl, formyl, or 2,2-dicyanovinyl has been prepared and their β values measured by solution electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation; these molecules, which lose only one aromatic resonance upon charge-transfer excitation, show enhanced β compared to bi-aromatic molecules with the same substitution and total conjugation length, such as 4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene (DANS), a well-known benchmark for high β organic molecules
The First Molecular Electronic Hyperpolarizabilities of Highly Polarizable Organic Molecules: 2,6-Di-tert-butylindoanilines
The first molecular hyperpolarizabilities (β) of a series of 2,6-di-tert-butylindoanilines, measured by electric-field-induced second harmonic generation are somewhat more sensitive to donor strength than was found for analogously substituted nitrostilbenes, and dimethylindoaniline has a β roughly twice that of its 2,6 di-tert-butylated analogue, measured in chloroform; solvatochromic measurements on the former compound suggest that this decrease in hyperpolarizability is consistent with a bound-solvent effect
Synthesis and First Hyperpolarizabilities of Acceptor-substituted β-apo-8’-Carotenal Derived Compounds
The synthesis and second-order nonlinear optical properties of acceptor-substituted biologically derived β-apo-8′-carotenal compounds are reported; electric field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) measurements give values of β(0) which are 2–6 times greater than for 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene (DANS)
Book Reviews in The Great Plains Sociologist: The Continuation of a Regional Tradition
On the tenth anniversary of publication of The Great Plains Sociologist, we examine the book section for content and for participation by residents of the Great Plains. Since the inception of this journal feature in 1991, women have published 57 percent (N=57) of all book reviews. Moreover, women at masters and doctoral degree granting institutions have published a greater number of book reviews (52%. N=52) than their male counterparts (41%, N=41) and than women or men at 2-year,four-year, and tribal colleges (5%, N=5 and 2%, N=2 respectively). While there are differences in the topical areas evaluated by women and men, the primary area of interest for both is rural issues(16%, N=16). We conclude that the journal has met its goal of providing opportunities for regional scholars to publish their work and that The Great Plains Sociologist clearly plays a unique role in the region and in the discipline
The dependence of the molecular first hyperpolarizabilities of merocyanines on ground-state polarization and length
We report here the dipole moment (µ) and first hyperpolarizability (β) determined by electric field-induced second harmonic generation, for several merocyanine dyes containing an 1,3,3-trimethylindoline heterocycle as a ‘donor’ in which the ‘acceptor’ end of the molecule and the polyene bridge length was systematically varied; dyes with hexamethine bridges gave positive β, while that with a dimethine bridge gave a negative β value
Strategies for the analysis of osteitic bone defects at the diaphysis of long bones
Septic diseases of the bone and the immediate surrounding soft tissue, i.e., osteitis, belong to the most alarming findings in recent traumatology and orthopedic surgery. The paramount goal of this therapy is to preserve the stable weight-bearing bones while maintaining a correct axis and proper working muscles and joints, in order to avoid permanent disability in the patient. “State-of-the-art” therapy of osteitis/osteomyelitis therapy has two priorities: eradication of the infection and reconstruction of bone and soft tissue. Surgical treatment of the affected bone segments and soft tissue, followed by reconstructive methods, continues to be the main basic therapy. It is often extremely difficult to decide whether the affected bone segment has to be resected, or whether bone continuity can be preserved. The following paper provides strategies and guidance to help guide decisions in this complex and challenging area
Analyzing Feshbach resonances -- A Li -Cs case study
We provide a comprehensive comparison of a coupled channels calculation, the
asymptotic bound state model (ABM), and the multichannel quantum defect theory
(MQDT). Quantitative results for Li -Cs are presented and compared
to previously measured Li -Cs Feshbach resonances (FRs) [M. Repp et
al., Phys. Rev. A 87 010701(R) (2013)]. We demonstrate how the accuracy of the
ABM can be stepwise improved by including magnetic dipole-dipole interactions
and coupling to a non-dominant virtual state. We present a MQDT calculation,
where magnetic dipole-dipole and second order spin-orbit interactions are
included. A frame transformation formalism is introduced, which allows the
assignment of measured FRs with only three parameters. All three models achieve
a total rms error of < 1G on the observed FRs. We critically compare the
different models in view of the accuracy for the description of FRs and the
required input parameters for the calculations.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Exciton condensate at a total filling factor of 1 in Corbino 2D electron bilayers
Magneto-transport and drag measurements on a quasi-Corbino 2D electron
bilayer at the systems total filling factor 1 (v_tot=1) reveal a drag voltage
that is equal in magnitude to the drive voltage as soon as the two layers begin
to form the expected v_tot=1 exciton condensate. The identity of both voltages
remains present even at elevated temperatures of 0.25 K. The conductance in the
current carrying layer vanishes only in the limit of strong coupling between
the two layers and at T->0 K which suggests the presence of an excitonic
circular current
Review of the Interactions between Catfishes and Freshwater Mollusks in North America
Catfishes are important in freshwater ecosystems not only as consumers, but also as essential partners in symbiotic relationships with other organisms. Freshwater mollusks are among the many organisms that have interactions with catfishes. For example, ictalurids are hosts for larvae of several native freshwater mussel species. The larvae, which attach briefly to gills or fins of fish to complete their development to the free-living juvenile stage, disperse via upstream and downstream movement of host fish. In turn, freshwater mussels serve as a food source for some catfish species while other catfish species may use spent mussel shells for habitat. Ictalurids also benefit from the conservation status of many freshwater mussel species. Federal and state laws protecting these invertebrates can preserve water quality and habitat and, at times, provide incentives and funding for conservation and restoration of stream and riparian habitats
Die wissenschaftliche Politikberatung der Bundesregierung neu organisieren
"Der Ausgangspunkt unserer Analyse ist der Rat der Enquete-Kommission „Wachstum, Wohlstand, Lebensqualität“ des Deutschen Bundestags, „das bestehende Berichts- und Sachverständigenwesen der Bundesregierung im Wege einer Evaluierung auf Redundanzen und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten
hin zu überprüfen“. Nach unserer Besichtigung und Bewertung der Gremien und Berichtslandschaft lassen sich einige Reformideen formulieren. Ausgangspunkt unserer Empfehlungen sind vier Überlegungen: (1) Sachliche Informationen sollten möglichst von unabhängigen Experten erarbeitet werden, (2) Relevanz sollte durch die Verpflichtung der Bundesregierung hergestellt werden, zu sachverständigen Berichten Stellung zu nehmen, (3) zwischen der Vorlage von Berichten und der Stellungnahme der Bundesregierung sollten die Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft ausreichend (zeitliche) Gelegenheit zur Auseinandersetzung mit den Berichten bekommen. Öffentliche Wahrnehmung
und verbesserte Legitimation von Beratungsprozessen dienen den Beratenden und Beratenen, und (4) ein effektives Berichtswesens muss auch die Frage beantworten, auf welche Berichte perspektivisch verzichtet werden kann. Wissen, das nicht verarbeitet werden kann, ist überflüssig." [Autorenreferat
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