Entwicklung eines situationsbezogenen Konzeptes zur Regulation des Erbsenwicklers in Gemüse- und Körnererbsen

Das Ziel des Projektes war es, ein Konzept zur Risikobewertung des Erbsenwicklerbefalls in Anbauregionen von Gemüseerbsen zu entwickeln, in dem präventive Maßnahmen und eine bedarfsgerechte Option zur Direktbekämpfung integriert sind. Die Datenerfassung zur Beurteilung von Risikolagen erfolgte in Erbsenanbaugebieten in Hessen und Sachsen, beide mit Schwerpunkt auf ökologischen Landbau. Die Risikobewertung umfasste die Abschätzung der Schlaggefährdung durch den Erbsenwickler innerhalb der Anbaugebiete mittels zeitlich-räumlicher Analysen und die Berücksichtigung phänologischer Daten zum Erscheinen, Flugaktivität und Entwicklung des Erbsenwicklers in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Photoperiode. Basierend auf der Risikobewertung sollten Entscheidungen zum Einsatz ökologischer Regulierungsverfahren getroffen werden können, die in einem zweiten Projektteil bearbeitet wurden. Die Regulierung des Erbsenwicklers wurde in einem Parzellenversuch über die präventiven Maßnahmen Sortenwahl und Aussaatzeitpunkt und eine bedarfsgerechte Direktbekämpfung untersucht. Als Ergebnis konnten die wesentlichen Faktoren, die für eine Risikobewertung zum Erbsenwicklerbefall notwendig sind, definiert werden: a) ein zeitlich-räumlicher Zusammenhang zwischen den vorjährigen Erbsenflächen und dem Erbsenwicklerauftreten im Folgejahr b) ein Einfluss von Photoperiode und Temperatur auf die Entwicklung der Überwinterungsstadien von C. nigricana, sowie Erscheinen und Flugaktivität der adulten Erbsenwickler c) eine Steuerung der zeitlichen Koinzidenzvermeidung von empfindlichen Entwicklungsstadien der Erbsenpflanze und dem Erbsenwicklerauftreten durch Sortenwahl und Aussaatzeitpunkt. Der Einsatz einer Pyrethrin-Rapsöl Formulierung hat eine variable Wirkung in der Regulierung des Erbsenwicklers gezeigt. Der Befall konnte nur bei geringem Befallsdruck unterhalb der sehr niedrigen Schadtoleranzgrenze von 0,5% geschädigter Ernteerbsen gehalten werden; bei einer starken Schädlingsdichte konnte keine ausreichende Befallsreduktion erreicht werden

The Core Proteome of Biofilm-Grown Clinical Isolates.

Comparative genomics has greatly facilitated the identification of shared as well as unique features among individual cells or tissues, and thus offers the potential to find disease markers. While proteomics is recognized for its potential to generate quantitative maps of protein expression, comparative proteomics in bacteria has been largely restricted to the comparison of single cell lines or mutant strains. In this study, we used a data independent acquisition (DIA) technique, which enables global protein quantification of large sample cohorts, to record the proteome profiles of overall 27 whole genome sequenced and transcriptionally profiled clinical isolates of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis of the proteome profiles across the 27 clinical isolates grown under planktonic and biofilm growth conditions led to the identification of a core biofilm-associated protein profile. Furthermore, we found that protein-to-mRNA ratios between different P. aeruginosa strains are well correlated, indicating conserved patterns of post-transcriptional regulation. Uncovering core regulatory pathways, which drive biofilm formation and associated antibiotic tolerance in bacterial pathogens, promise to give clues to interactions between bacterial species and their environment and could provide useful targets for new clinical interventions to combat biofilm-associated infections

Electrochemical behavior of single CuO nanoparticles: Implications for the assessment of their environmental fate

The electrochemical behavior of copper oxide nanoparticles is investigated at both the single particle and at the ensemble level in neutral aqueous solutions through the electrode‐particle collision method and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The influence of Cl− and NO3− anions on the electrochemical processes occurring at the nanoparticles is further evaluated. The electroactivity of CuO nanoparticles is found to differ between the two types of experiments. At the single‐particle scale, the reduction of the CuO nanoparticles proceeds to a higher extent in the presence of chloride ion than of nitrate ion containing solutions. However, at the multiparticle scale the CuO reduction proceeds to the same extent regardless of the type of anions present in solution. The implications for assessing realistically the environmental fate and therefore the toxicity of metal‐based nanoparticles in general, and copper‐based nanoparticles in particular, are discussed

Electrochemical Behavior of Single CuO Nanoparticles: Implications for the Assessment of their Environmental Fate

The electrochemical behavior of copper oxide nanoparticles is investigated at both the single particle and at the ensemble level in neutral aqueous solutions through the electrode‐particle collision method and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The influence of Cl− and NO3− anions on the electrochemical processes occurring at the nanoparticles is further evaluated. The electroactivity of CuO nanoparticles is found to differ between the two types of experiments. At the single‐particle scale, the reduction of the CuO nanoparticles proceeds to a higher extent in the presence of chloride ion than of nitrate ion containing solutions. However, at the multiparticle scale the CuO reduction proceeds to the same extent regardless of the type of anions present in solution. The implications for assessing realistically the environmental fate and therefore the toxicity of metal‐based nanoparticles in general, and copper‐based nanoparticles in particular, are discussed

Parallel evolutionary paths to produce more than one biofilm phenotype.

Studying parallel evolution of similar traits in independent within-species lineages provides an opportunity to address evolutionary predictability of molecular changes underlying adaptation. In this study, we monitored biofilm forming capabilities, motility, and virulence phenotypes of a plethora of phylogenetically diverse clinical isolates of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also recorded biofilm-specific and planktonic transcriptional responses. We found that P. aeruginosa isolates could be stratified based on the production of distinct organismal traits. Three major biofilm phenotypes, which shared motility and virulence phenotypes, were produced repeatedly in several isolates, indicating that the phenotypes evolved via parallel or convergent evolution. Of note, while we found a restricted general response to the biofilm environment, the individual groups of biofilm phenotypes reproduced biofilm transcriptional profiles that included the expression of well-known biofilm features, such as surface adhesive structures and extracellular matrix components. Our results provide insights into distinct ways to make a biofilm and indicate that genetic adaptations can modulate multiple pathways for biofilm development that are followed by several independent clinical isolates. Uncovering core regulatory pathways that drive biofilm-associated growth and tolerance towards environmental stressors promises to give clues to host and environmental interactions and could provide useful targets for new clinical interventions