The role of language representation of the time model in the process of meaning creation

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the language picture of the world, which owes its structural integrity to its relational framework. The archetype “time” is central to the Christian mythology, in fairy tales and other linguocultural artefacts. The thought-language essences representing the category TIME in the modern German language, connect different time modes (past, present, future), allowing to distinguish different worlds. The memory of the ways of the development of the human soul is concentrated in the

Изучение действия соединения ГИЖ-290 и леветирацетама на эпилептическую активность в структурах мозга крыс на ЭЭГ модели судорог, вызванных бемегридом

The effect of levetiracetam (a derivative of 4-phenylpyrrolidone) and its original analog, the compound GIZH-290, on primary generalized epileptic activity (EpA) in rat brain structures (sensorimotor cortex, dorsal hippocampus-CA3 field and lateral hypothalamus field) on EEG models of bemegridinduced seizures was studied. It was found that EpA, after the introduction of bemegrid, appears in 1–2 minutes in the form of prolonged generalized high-amplitude discharges and is registered within 3 hours. GIZH-290 (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, 15 minutes after bemegrid) causes a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the number of epileptic discharges in the cortex and at the level of the trend in the hippocampus, which is accompanied by a decrease in the amplitude of the Epi-discharges. Levetiracetam at a dose of 200 mg / kg does not significantly change the severity of paroxysmal activity (the number of convulsive discharges and their duration) caused by bemegrid.Изучено действие леветирацетама (производное 4-фенилпирролидона) и его оригинального аналога – соединения ГИЖ-290 на первично-генерализованную эпилептическую активность (ЭпА) в структурах мозга крыс (сенсомоторная зона коры, дорзальный отдел гиппокампа – поле СА3 и латеральное поле гипоталамуса) на ЭЭГ модели судорог, вызванных бемегридом. Установлено, что ЭпА после введения бемегрида появляется через 1–2 мин в виде продолжительных генерализованных высокоамплитудных разрядов и регистрируется в течение 3 часов. ГИЖ-290 (5 мг/кг, внутрибрюшинно, через 15 мин после бемегрида) вызывает достоверное (р ≤ 0,05) уменьшение числа эпилептических разрядов в коре и на уровне тенденции в гиппокампе, что сопровождается уменьшением амплитуды Эпи разрядов. Леветирацетам в дозе 200 мг/кг достоверно не изменяет выраженность пароксизмальной активности (число судорожных разрядов и их длительность), вызванной бемегридом

Влияние мексидола на физическую и умственную работоспособность при стрессогенных воздействиях в эксперименте

The effect of Mexidol on physical performance of mice under the extreme conditions of the weight-loaded forced swim test and on the mental performance of rats under the conditions of a neurosis-like state caused by a functional disturbance of a defensive instrumental conditioned active avoidance reflex was studied. A single dose (50 and 100 mg/kg) or a subchronic regimen (100 mg/kg) of Mexidol administered intrapertoneally enhances the physical performance of mice similarly to mildronate (100 mg/kg). Mexidol improves the rate of operant conditioning, the preservation of the memory trace and its restoration after single or multiple instances of disruption of the conditioned active avoidance reflex, and its effect does not differ from the effect of the comparison drug piracetam (300 mg/kg).Изучено влияния мексидола на физическую работоспособность мышей в экстремальных условиях теста «Плавание с грузом» и на умственную работоспособность крыс в условиях неврозоподобного состояния, вызванного функциональным нарушением сформированного инструментального оборонительного рефлекса активного избегания. Показана способность мексидола как при однократном (50 и 100 мг/кг), так и при субхроническом внутрибрюшинном введении (100 мг/кг) увеличивать физическую работоспособность мышей, сопоставимую по эффективности с милдронатом (100 мг/кг). Установлена способность мексидола улучшать скорость формирования условных реакций, сохранение памятного следа и его восстановление при однократных и повторных функциональных нарушениях условного рефлекса активного избегания, не отличающаяся по эффективности действия от препарата сравнения пирацетама (300 мг/кг)

Infrared molecular fingerprinting of blood-based liquid biopsies for the detection of cancer

Recent omics analyses of human biofluids provide opportunities to probe selected species of biomolecules for disease diagnostics. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigates the full repertoire of molecular species within a sample at once. Here, we present a multi-institutional study in which we analysed infrared fingerprints of plasma and serum samples from 1639 individuals with different solid tumours and carefully matched symptomatic and non-symptomatic reference individuals. Focusing on breast, bladder, prostate, and lung cancer, we find that infrared molecular fingerprinting is capable of detecting cancer: training a support vector machine algorithm allowed us to obtain binary classification performance in the range of 0.78–0.89 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]), with a clear correlation between AUC and tumour load. Intriguingly, we find that the spectral signatures differ between different cancer types. This study lays the foundation for high-throughput onco-IR-phenotyping of four common cancers, providing a cost-effective, complementary analytical tool for disease recognition

Влияние трифтазина на проявления расстройств аутистического спектра у крыс с фетальным вальпроатным синдромом

The effect of triftazin (trifluoperazine) on social interaction abnormalities as a main feature of autism spectrum disorders, exploratory behavior and learning capacity was studied in rats with fetal valproatate syndrome. It was shown that triftazin at a dose of 0,35 mg/kg does not affect the deficit of social interaction, spatial learning or memory but improves exploratory activity by decreasing anxiety in rats with fetal valproate syndrome.На модели фетального вальпроатного синдрома у крыс изучено влияние трифтазина на нарушение социального взаимодействия как основного показателя расстройства аутистического спектра, а также на ориентировочно-исследовательское поведение и способность к обучению животных. Показано, что трифтазин в дозе 0,35 мг/кг не влияет на дефицит социального взаимодействия и показатели пространственного обучения и памяти, но улучшает ориентировочно-исследовательскую активность за счёт снижения тревожности у крыс с фетальным вальпроатным синдромом

Methodological approaches for producing doubled haploids in sugar beet and red beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

The in vitro production of doubled haploids is a biotechnological path of an accelerated development of parental lines in F1-hybrid breeding programs. Unlike the traditional inbreeding method requiring 5 to 6 generations to reach a suf­ficient homozygosity of lines, the number of generations to produce pure lines of beet by haploid technologies is reduced to 2. The production of doubled haploids by gynogenesis is the most common biotechnological approach in sugar and red beets. Protocols for the production of doubled haploids for B. vulgaris species are few and have been developed mainly for sugar beets. There are no protocols for the production of doubled haploids for red beet (B. vulgaris convar. esculenta Salisb.), and the protocols developed for sugar beet (B. vulgaris convar. saccharifera Alef.) are ineffective for red beet, even though these two crops belong to the same species. The greatest success has been achieved in the production of doubled haploids by gynogenesis through isolated ovule culture, especially in sugar beet. Studies on the production of doubled haploids by androgenesis were actively carried out in the 1970s and 1980s and did not lead to the production of regenerated plants. However, at present, there is renewed interest among researchers in this approach, and scientists in different countries are conducting studies of Beta vulgaris androgenesis through isolated microspore culture. This article provides an overview of studies devoted to the production of doubled haploids, addressing the main problems of doubled haploid technologies, and methods to increase the frequency of embryogenesis and doubled haploid plant formation in B. vulgaris crops

Влияние ингибиторов циклооксигеназы и их комбинаций с мексидолом при курсовом применении на поведение половозрелых крыс

Effects of multiple-dose regimens (oral, daily, once a day for 15 days) of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors etoricoxib (1 and 10 mg/kg), diclofenac sodium (1 and 5 mg/kg) and their combinations with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate (mexidol 25 mg/kg) on rat behavior were studied in the open field test, rotarod test and elevated plus maze test. Exploratory (in open field test) and locomotor (in rotarod test) behavior of rats was significantly weakened only by the non-selective COX inhibitor diclofenac sodium at 5 mg/kg, which is due to the peripheral side effect of the drug. The selective COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib increased the time in the central area of the elevated plus maze at 1 and 10 mg/kg and reduced the latent period of locomotion in the open field test at 10 mg/kg. A combination of diclofenac sodium (1 mg/kg) with mexidol neither reduced exploratory behavior nor caused motor deficit in contrast to diclofenac sodium at 5 mg/kg. However, a combination of etoricoxib (1 mg/kg) with mexidol inhibited locomotor activity in the rotarod test. Nevertheless, it produced no significant effects on the exploratory behavior or anxiety of animals in the open field test and elevated plus maze test.Изучено влияние ингибиторов циклооксигеназы (ЦОГ) эторикоксиба (1 и 10 мг/кг) и диклофенака натрия (1 и 5 мг/кг) и их комбинации с 2-этил-6-метил-3-оксипиридина сукцинатом (мексидолом, 25 мг/кг) при курсовом введении (перорально, ежедневно, 1 раз в день, 15 дней) на поведение крыс в тестах ≪Открытое поле≫, ≪Вращающийся стержень≫ и ≪Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт≫. Установлено, что только неселективный ингибитор ЦОГ диклофенак натрия в дозе 5 мг/кг значимо снижает ориентировочно-исследовательскую (тест ≪Открытое поле≫) и локомоторную (тест ≪Вращающийся стержень≫) активность крыс, что обусловлено периферическим побочным действием препарата. Селективный ингибитор ЦОГ-2 эторикоксиб в дозах 1 и 10 мг/кг увеличивает время нахождения животных на центральной площадке в тесте ≪Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт≫ и в дозе 10 мг/кг снижает латентный период начала движения в тесте ≪Открытое поле≫. Комбинация мексидола с диклофенаком натрия (1 мг/кг) не вызывает снижения ориентировочно-исследовательской активности и моторный дефицит у крыс, что наблюдается при введении диклофенака натрия в дозе 5 мг/кг. Однако при использовании комбинации мексидола с эторикоксибом (1 мг/кг) наблюдается снижение локомоторной активности крыс в тесте ≪Вращающийся стержень≫ при отсутствии значимых отклонений ориентировочно-исследовательского по ведения и тревожности животных в тестах ≪Открытое поле≫ и ≪Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт≫

Influence of packing density and stress on the dynamic response of granular materials

Laboratory geophysics tests including bender elements and acoustic emission measure the speed of propagation of stress or sound waves in granular materials to derive elastic stiffness parameters. This contribution builds on earlier studies to assess whether the received signal characteristics can provide additional information about either the material’s behaviour or the nature of the material itself. Specifically it considers the maximum frequency that the material can transmit; it also assesses whether there is a simple link between the spectrum of the received signal and the natural frequencies of the sample. Discrete element method (DEM) simulations of planar compression wave propagation were performed to generate the data for the study. Restricting consideration to uniform (monodisperse) spheres, the material fabric was varied by considering face-centred cubic lattice packings as well as random configurations with different packing densities. Supplemental analyses, in addition to the DEM simulations, were used to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the system dynamics. The assembly stiffness and mass matrices were extracted from the DEM model and these data were used in an eigenmode analysis that provided significant insight into the observed overall dynamic response. The close agreement of the wave velocities estimated using eigenmode analysis with the DEM results confirms that DEM wave propagation simulations can reliably be used to extract material stiffness data. The data show that increasing either stress or density allows higher frequencies to propagate through the media, but the low-pass wavelength is a function of packing density rather than stress level. Prior research which had hypothesised that there is a simple link between the spectrum of the received signal and the natural sample frequencies was not substantiated