Pharmaceutical Gardens of Tobolsk Province in 18th — Early 20th Centuries

The historical aspects of the development of pharmacy gardens and vegetable gardens, which were intended for growing medicinal plants, are considered. A review of literary sources on the history of creating pharmacy gardens, their joint organizational activities with pharmacies and medical institutions in Russia, was conducted. Archival documents, current scientific publications, materials from official websites dedicated to the history of creating pharmacy gardens in the 18th to early 20th centuries in the Tobolsk province were analyzed. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the reasons for the lack of information about the creator of the pharmacy garden in the city of Tobolsk, revealing facts about the different ownership of this object, its sale, subsequent transfer, donation of a share of the plot for the construction of a military hospital. The heyday of the Tobolsk pharmacy garden is marked as a stage in the functioning of an experimental agricultural institution in Western Siberia. The role of pharmacist A. I. Daudel and his widow in the subsequent development of the Tyumen pharmacy garden is determined. Memories of the scale of implementation of medicinal preparations made from raw materials from the local pharmacy garden and its subsequent fate as a territory for a homeless shelter and a city hospital are presented. The reasons for the decline in interest in pharmacy gardens are identified

Isolation and study of biological properties of <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i>-specific bacteriophages

The paper presents results of our studies on isolation of bacteriophages active against Bordetella bronchiseptica. Three new bacteriophages were recovered from clinical material of animals with respiratory disease signs: vB_BbrS_2/200220.7.2, vB_BbrS_4/200220.7.1, vB_BbrM_5/200220.7.2. The lytic activity of isolated bacteriophages determined by the method of agar layers varied from (2.3 ± 1.4) × 108  to (9.0 ± 0.2) × 108  BOE/ml, and the lytic spectrum ranged from 61.5 to 76.9%. The bacteriophage titer stability was shown during 8-month storage of phage lysate with no preservative added. The morphology of bacteriophage negative colonies was tested in various nutrient media and analyzed based on two parameters: size and transparency. Dissociation of negative colonies into clear colonies, cloudy colonies, and clear colonies with cloudy halos was observed in the media. Plaques also varied in size from 0.6 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.1 mm. High levels of temperature stability were noted during exposure of bacteriophages to high temperatures ranging from +40 to +95 °C in 5 °C step. The study of specificity showed that the isolated bacteriophages lyse closely-related bacteria. In the course of electron microscopic testing of each bacteriophage such parameters as the average diameter of the head and the average length of the tail were determined. In accordance with the international classification of viruses by morphological characteristics the vB_BbrS_2/200220.7.2 and vB_BbrS_4/200220.7.1 phages have been assigned to the family Siphoviridae, vB_BbrM_5/200220.7.2 bacteriophage has been assigned to the family Myoviridae. The obtained results of in vitro studies have shown that the isolated bacteriophages can be prespective in veterinary use for phage therapy of Bordetella bronchiseptica-induced diseases

Parkinson's Disease in Central Asian and Transcaucasian Countries: A Review of Epidemiology, Genetics, Clinical Characteristics, and Access to Care

Our understanding of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has significantly accelerated over the last few years, but predominant advances have been made in developed, Western countries. Little is known about PD in the Central Asian (CA) and Transcaucasian (TC) countries. Here, we review the clinical characteristics, treatments used, epidemiology, and genetics of PD in CA and TC countries via a methodological search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. For the acquisition of PD care-related data, the search was extended to the local web resources. Our findings showed that PD prevalence in the region is averaging 62 per 100,000 population. The mean age of onset is 56.4 ± 2.8 in females and 63.3 ± 3.5 in males. Large-scale national studies on PD prevalence from the region are currently lacking. A limited number of genetic studies with small cohorts and inconclusive results were identified. The G2019S LRRK2 mutation, the commonest mutation in PD worldwide, was found in 5.7% of patients with idiopathic PD and 17.6% of familial cases in 153 Uzbek patients. Our review highlighted systematic deficiencies in PD health care in the region including lacks of neurologists specializing in PD, delays in PD diagnosis, absence of specialized PD nurses and PD rehab services, limited access to PD medications and surgery, and the unavailability of PD infusion therapies. Overall, this article demonstrated the paucity of data on this common neurological disorder in CA and TC countries and identified a number of healthcare areas that require an urgent consideration. We conclude that well-designed large-scale epidemiological, genetic, and clinical studies are desperately needed in this region. Healthcare professionals, local and national institutions, and stakeholders must come together to address deficiencies in PD healthcare systems in CA and TC countries

The influence of the pandemic on motivation and coping strategies of high level of athletes

The article presents the results of a study of the impact of the pandemic and changes in the timing of the Olympic Games on the motivation of Olympic athletes to practice, as well as the choice of copies strategies in a situation of uncertainty in high-level athletes.Представлены результаты исследования влияния пандемии и изменение сроков проведения Олимпийских игр на мотивацию к занятиям спортсменов-олимпийцев, а также выбор стратегий преодоления стресса в ситуации неопределенности у спортсменов высокого уровня мастерства

Phenotypic continuum of NFU1-related disorders.

Bi-allelic variants in Iron-Sulfur Cluster Scaffold (NFU1) have previously been associated with multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1 (MMDS1) characterized by early-onset rapidly fatal leukoencephalopathy. We report 19 affected individuals from 10 independent families with ultra-rare bi-allelic NFU1 missense variants associated with a spectrum of early-onset pure to complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) phenotype with a longer survival (16/19) on one end and neurodevelopmental delay with severe hypotonia (3/19) on the other. Reversible or irreversible neurological decompensation after a febrile illness was common in the cohort, and there were invariable white matter abnormalities on neuroimaging. The study suggests that MMDS1 and HSP could be the two ends of the NFU1-related phenotypic continuum

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8–13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05–6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50–75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life. Funding Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron

Identification of sixteen novel candidate genes for late onset Parkinson’s disease

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting 1–5% of the general population for which neither effective cure nor early diagnostic tools are available that could tackle the pathology in the early phase. Here we report a multi-stage procedure to identify candidate genes likely involved in the etiopathogenesis of PD. Methods The study includes a discovery stage based on the analysis of whole exome data from 26 dominant late onset PD families, a validation analysis performed on 1542 independent PD patients and 706 controls from different cohorts and the assessment of polygenic variants load in the Italian cohort (394 unrelated patients and 203 controls). Results Family-based approach identified 28 disrupting variants in 26 candidate genes for PD including PARK2, PINK1, DJ-1(PARK7), LRRK2, HTRA2, FBXO7, EIF4G1, DNAJC6, DNAJC13, SNCAIP, AIMP2, CHMP1A, GIPC1, HMOX2, HSPA8, IMMT, KIF21B, KIF24, MAN2C1, RHOT2, SLC25A39, SPTBN1, TMEM175, TOMM22, TVP23A and ZSCAN21. Sixteen of them have not been associated to PD before, were expressed in mesencephalon and were involved in pathways potentially deregulated in PD. Mutation analysis in independent cohorts disclosed a significant excess of highly deleterious variants in cases (p = 0.0001), supporting their role in PD. Moreover, we demonstrated that the co-inheritance of multiple rare variants (≥ 2) in the 26 genes may predict PD occurrence in about 20% of patients, both familial and sporadic cases, with high specificity (> 93%; p = 4.4 × 10− 5). Moreover, our data highlight the fact that the genetic landmarks of late onset PD does not systematically differ between sporadic and familial forms, especially in the case of small nuclear families and underline the importance of rare variants in the genetics of sporadic PD. Furthermore, patients carrying multiple rare variants showed higher risk of manifesting dyskinesia induced by levodopa treatment. Conclusions Besides confirming the extreme genetic heterogeneity of PD, these data provide novel insights into the genetic of the disease and may be relevant for its prediction, diagnosis and treatment

навчальний посібник

Цивільний процес : навч. посіб. / [О. Г. Бортнік, О. Л. Зайцев, В. А. Кройтор та ін.] ; за заг. ред. В. А. Кройтора ; МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ. – Харків : ХНУВС, 2022. – 336 с. – ISBN 978-966-610-258-7.У навчальному посібнику, побудованому за системою та положеннями Цивільного процесуального кодексу України 2004 року, розкрито загальні положення правового регулювання порядку розгляду та вирішення цивільних справ, а також окремі теоретичні проблеми науки цивільного процесуального права. Розглянуто інститути цивільного процесуального права, які складають його систему, цивільні процесуальні правовідносини, докази та доказування, розвиток цивільного процесу за стадіями тощо. Навчальний посібник розраховано на студентів, курсантів і слухачів закладів вищої освіти, викладачів та юристів-практиків. Може бути корис-ним для всіх, хто цікавиться процесуальним порядком захисту прав і законних інтересів фізичних та юридичних осіб.The textbook, built on the system and provisions of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine of 2004, discloses the general provisions of the legal regulation of the procedure for consideration and resolution of civil cases, as well as individual theoretical problems of the science of civil procedure law. The institutions of civil procedural law, which make up its system, civil procedural legal relations, evidence and proof, the development of the civil process by stages, etc., are considered. The study guide is designed for students, cadets and trainees of higher education institutions, teachers and practicing lawyers. It can be useful for everyone who is interested in the procedural order of protecting the rights and legal interests of individuals and legal entities.В учебном пособии, построенном по системе и положениям Гражданского процессуального кодекса Украины 2004 года, раскрыты общие положения правового регулирования порядка рассмотрения и решения гражданских дел, а также отдельные теоретические проблемы науки гражданского процессуального права. Рассмотрены институты гражданского процессуального права, составляющие его систему, гражданские процессуальные правоотношения, доказательства и доказывания, развитие гражданского процесса по стадиям и т.д. Учебное пособие рассчитано на студентов, курсантов и слушателей высшего образования, преподавателей и практикующих юристов. Может быть полезен всем, кто интересуется процессуальным порядком защиты прав и законных интересов физических и юридических лиц