Government Procurements as a Tool for the Development of Small and Medium Business in Russia

The question of the development of small and medium business is relevant for several decades. This article considers questions regarding the support of small business through the government procurement system. In the framework of the present study, the author attempted to systematize data on the dynamics (since the adoption of the Federal Public Contracts Act), and the structure of government procurement in terms of participation of small businesses in the procurement process, which revealed certain trends. The main research methods were vertical and horizontal analysis of dynamic series, correlation and regression models of the panel data. Data on the participation of small businesses in government procurement are grouped according to various criteria depending on the purpose of analysis. Groups of data were analyzed by 83 subjects of the Russian Federation, which enabled a full-scale assessment of the effectiveness of procurement in terms of the economy. To assess the influence of procurement on the development of small businesses, three hypotheses were put forward: increasing the number of customers placing orders for small businesses, as well as the reduction in the share of customers who do not meet the requirements of the law on the 15-percent threshold; this leads to an increase in budgetary savings, the increase in the number of applications for small businesses leads to an increase in the number of data entities in the regions, the number of orders placed for small businesses affect the cash ow of small businesses. On the basis of panel data for the period 2011–2015 years, a uni ed information system of state and municipal procurement which built econometric models, have confirmed the hypothesis put forward

Lessons of sanctions for sustainable economic future of Russia

Objective: to determine the ways of the Russian economy development under the pressure of sanctions.Methods: when writing the work, such methods of scientific cognition were used as abstract-logical, historical method, analysis and synthesis.Results: the problem of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy is not new. However, the volume of economic pressure on the country in 2022 indicates that the time has come for a radical restructuring of the economic system. The paper analyzes the Russia’s experience of overcoming the crisis associated with the consequences of sanctions in 2014; conclusions are formulated about the ambiguity of the measures taken to create conditions for the formation of financial and economic independence of the country. A significant part of the stated goals was not achieved, as evidenced by the data, obtained by the authors, on the Russian economy’s dependence on imports of main products. The key areas of sanctions against the Russian economy are systematized, the most vulnerable industries are identified, and some areas of the problems are revealed.Scientific novelty: a critical assessment of the Russian economy’s preparedness for sanctions imposed some countries is given, and measures are developed to reduce their impact on the Russian economy.Practical significance: the study results can be useful in developing economic policy directions and focusing on those industries whose problems were exposed under the sanctions war of 2022

Trends of the development of unit investment funds under sanctions

Objective: to identify promising areas of research, limitations and factors of UIF market development in order to elaborate methodological recommendations for the management of UIF assets.Methods: content analysis and systematization of materials published in scientific journals and analytical publications; review of scientific literature, vertical and horizontal analysis, trend and coefficient analysis, correlation and regression analysis. Results: the development of the collective investment institution in Russia is characterized by certain features. Despite difficult economic and geopolitical conditions of the recent years, retail investors show considerable interest in unit funds. Against the background of COVID restrictions, active development of remote services, and aggressive marketing of management companies, the number of shareholders has increased significantly. The paper analyzes the main trends in the development of UIF market in 2018-2022; the main factors of the development of collective investments are formulated. It was determined that the key factors hindering the development of this market are the low level of financial literacy of retail investors, the poor quality of UIF portfolio management, leading to losses for unit holders, and the increased risks as a result of the sanctions burden on the Russian financial market. Based on the study results, the basic recommendations are formulated that may contribute to the development of the market and improve the quality of managing the assets of unit holders.Scientific novelty: a review of research on the unit funds effectiveness was conducted, as a result of which it was determined that research on the collective investment market as such is poorly represented, and the problems of the market efficiency under sanctions are not considered. The main challenges and limitations of the collective investment institution development under the current economic conditions are formulated: (1) digitalization of the financial sector, (2) blocking of foreign assets, (3) low level of financial literacy of the population. Recommendations were made for the UIF market development:(1) legal regulation of the transparency of funds, (2) creation of a system of assignment of claims on the unit holders’ assets, (3) creation of a system of remuneration for the UIF success with active investment strategies strategies.Practical significance: the main results of the work can be used in the practical activities of managing companies in the management of unit investment funds under uncertainty of the environment

Economic efficiency of regulating bank debts on the basis of a debt enforcement (arbitrary procedure)

Objective: to determine the problems of settling the overdue debts of banks in arbitration proceedings and ways to solve them. Methods: methods of vertical and horizontal time series analysis, correlation analysis, grouping methods, and abstract-logical method were used in the research.Results: the problem of collecting bad debts of banks within bankruptcy procedures has actually not been studied in the scientific literature. The paper considers the main aspects of modern research in the field of bankruptcy of physical and juridical persons, and emphasizes the need to systematize the practice of settling bank receivables in arbitration courts. The article presents the results of the analysis of the Bank of Russia statistics on the structure of overdue debts of the banking system, as well as the main results of bankruptcy procedures according to the Federal Register.The analysis of operations of one of the largest regional banks allowed identifying and systematizing the main problems of regulation and control of overdue debts, provision for impairment on loans and interest on loans, and stipulated a low efficiency of the bank’s participation in bankruptcy cases.Scientific novelty: the paper systematizes and analyzes the data on the practice of bankruptcy creditors’ participation in bankruptcy proceedings, and formulates the main directions for solving the problems of low efficiency and high costs of participation in such procedures.Practical significance: the research results can be used in the practical activities of banks for managing and settling accounts receivable, including on the basis of judicial recovery, as well as for developing the main directions of the monetary regulation of banking activity

INDIA’S EXPERIENCE IN SUPPORTING AND DEVELOPING THE STATE-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

Objective: to define the features of project organization of state-private partnership in India. Methods: abstract-logical and historical. Results: the sufficient mechanisms of state supporting of state-private partnership in India are revealed. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing of state-private partnership model are defined. Scientific novelty: the complex evaluation of the institutions of state-private partnership in India is carried out, the possibilities to use positive experience in Russia are defined. Practical value: possibility to use the key mechanisms of state-private partnership support in the Russian practice

Updating of soil map of mountaneous regions of Uzbekistan

: One of the latest updates on the soil cover of the mountain regions of Uzbekistan is contained in the “Atlas of the Soil Cover of the Republic of Uzbekistan”, published in 2010. It contains soil maps of the regions of the country at the scales of 1 : 350 000 to 1 : 2 500 000 and provides brief charateristics of the soils. The Atlas was compiled on the basis of traditional methods of soil mapping. As a result, its contour part is typical of maps of the mentioned scales and rather schematic. The aim of the research was to update the contour part of the soil maps of mountain territories of Uzbekistan, contained in this Atlas, by means of the analysis of Landsat 8 satellite data. The contour part of the map was updated for the territory with absolute terrain altitude exceeding 900 m. Updating of the map contours was based on the methods of interactive indirect interpretation, when the boundaries of the contours were specified in the GIS using as a substrate the color composites of satellite data obtained at the optimal time of survey. Map correction, mountainous area delineation, and area counting were performed using the GIS ILWIS v.3.3 software package. About 18% of all soil mapping units were divided into several subunits. For 37% of the soil mapping units the boundaries changed significantly (the area of the units changed – by more than 30% with an average change in the length of the boundary of 15–38%). For 45% of soil mapping units the boundaries had changed less significantly (the area of the units had changed by no more than 30% and the boundary length had changed by no more than 20%). No cases of merging of soil mapping units were recorded. As a result, the contour part of the corrected map, compared to the original one, became much more detailed with more indented boundaries. The updated map shows the natural soil cover, excluding the anthropogenically changed soils. But the approach used for updating the original soil map may be also applied to expand the information on anthropogenical load as well. Moreover, this information can be obtained by interpretation of the same satellite data that were used for the map updating

Public procurement as an instrument for the development of small and medium-sized business in Russia

The issue of the development of small and medium-sized business is relevant for many years. In the article, the questions of the support of small business through the system of public procurement are considered. Within this research, the authors have tried to systematize the data on the dynamics and structure of the public procurements from the point of view of the participation of small business in the purchasing process from the moment of the adoption of the Federal Public Contracts Act that allowed to reveal certain tendencies. The main methods of the research are the vertical and horizontal analysis of time series, the correlation and regression models of the panel data. The data on the participation of small business in the public procurements are grouped by various characteristics depending on the analysis purpose. The groups of the data have been analyzed on 83 entities of the Russian Federation. It has allowed making a full-scale estimation of the efficiency of procurements from the economics point of view. To estimate the influence of procurements on the development of small business entities, three hypotheses have been put forward: an increase in a number of customers placing orders for the small business enterprises, and a decrease in a share of the customers who are not meeting the requirements of the law about the threshold of 15 % lead to the growth of the budget savings; an increase in a number of demands for small business enterprises leads to the increase in the number of these enterprises in the regions; the number of the applications placed for small business entities influences the turnover of small enterprises. On the basis of the panel data of the unified information system of the central and local government procurement for the period of 2011-2015, econometric models confirming the hypotheses have been built. The authors' calculations may be used by the authorities for the further development of measures for the support of small business entities through the system of government procurements. © Copyright 2005-2016 Institute of Economics, the Ural branch of the RAS. All rights reserved.Рассмотрены вопросы поддержки малого предпринимательства через систему государственных закупок. Проанализирован федеральный закон "О контрактной системе в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужд"