Study on Hemostimulating Properties of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor

The hemostimulating properties of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) make possible its clinical use in alleviating side effects of anti-cancer radio- and chemotherapy, in bone marrow transplantation, and in the treatment of some primary immunodeficiency conditions associated with leukopenia. The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing has developed a high-performance technology for production of recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) based on a recombinant E. coli strain. The aim of the study was to assess hemostimulating activity of the rhGM-CSF preparation obtained using the new developed technology, as observed in cell culture and in the mice model of myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide administration. Materials and methods: in vitro evaluation of rhGM-CSF hemostimulating activity was performed by MTT assay in the commercial HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell culture with preliminary suppression of cell growth rate by adding a low concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide to the medium. In vivo studies were carried out in CBA/CaLac mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. The hemostimulating properties of the drug were evaluated after subcutaneous administration of 1–175 µg/kg doses for 4–5 days, following administration of a cytostatic agent. The total number of leukocytes and the content of their morphological forms were determined in blood samples taken at different time points after the drug administration. The statistical processing of the experimental data was based on analysis of variance using Statgraphics v. 5.0 software. Results: the proliferative activity of HL-60 cells incubated with the rhGM-CSF preparation for 72 hours was shown to be dose-dependent. The highest values of the increase in proliferative activity associated with an increase in the drug dose were observed in the concentration range from 0.04 to 0.64 ng/mL (proliferative activity increased by 11–18% when the dose was increased twofold). The experiments in mice demonstrated a two-phase pattern of the dose-dependent effect. The drug showed the highest hemostimulating effect at the dose of 90 µg/kg. Conclusions: the rhGM-CSF preparation obtained using the new developed technology has a pronounced hemostimulating activity confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo test systems

Исследование гемостимулирующих свойств рекомбинантного гранулоцитарно-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора человека

The hemostimulating properties of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) make possible its clinical use in alleviating side effects of anti-cancer radio- and chemotherapy, in bone marrow transplantation, and in the treatment of some primary immunodeficiency conditions associated with leukopenia. The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing has developed a high-performance technology for production of recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) based on a recombinant E. coli strain. The aim of the study was to assess hemostimulating activity of the rhGM-CSF preparation obtained using the new developed technology, as observed in cell culture and in the mice model of myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide administration. Materials and methods: in vitro evaluation of rhGM-CSF hemostimulating activity was performed by MTT assay in the commercial HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell culture with preliminary suppression of cell growth rate by adding a low concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide to the medium. In vivo studies were carried out in CBA/CaLac mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. The hemostimulating properties of the drug were evaluated after subcutaneous administration of 1–175 µg/kg doses for 4–5 days, following administration of a cytostatic agent. The total number of leukocytes and the content of their morphological forms were determined in blood samples taken at different time points after the drug administration. The statistical processing of the experimental data was based on analysis of variance using Statgraphics v. 5.0 software. Results: the proliferative activity of HL-60 cells incubated with the rhGM-CSF preparation for 72 hours was shown to be dose-dependent. The highest values of the increase in proliferative activity associated with an increase in the drug dose were observed in the concentration range from 0.04 to 0.64 ng/mL (proliferative activity increased by 11–18% when the dose was increased twofold). The experiments in mice demonstrated a two-phase pattern of the dose-dependent effect. The drug showed the highest hemostimulating effect at the dose of 90 µg/kg. Conclusions: the rhGM-CSF preparation obtained using the new developed technology has a pronounced hemostimulating activity confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo test systems. Гемостимулирующие свойства гранулоцитарно-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора (ГМ-КСФ) позволяют использовать его в клинике для снижения побочных эффектов радио- и химиотерапии онкологических заболеваний, при трансплантации костного мозга, для лечения некоторых первичных иммунодефицитных состояний, связанных с лейкопенией. В ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора разработана высокопроизводительная технология получения рекомбинантного ГМ-КСФ человека (рчГМ-КСФ) на основе рекомбинантного штамма E. coli. Цель работы: изучение гемостимулирующей активности препарата рекомбинантного ГМ-КСФ человека, полученного по разработанной технологии, в культуре клеток и на модели миелосупрессии у мышей, вызванной введением циклофосфана. Материалы и методы: оценку гемостимулирующей активности рчГМ-КСФ in vitro проводили с использованием МТТ-теста на коммерческой культуре клеток промиелоцитарной лейкемии HL-60, скорость роста которых предварительно подавляли добавлением в среду низкой концентрации диметилсульфоксида. Исследования in vivo проводили на мышах линии СВА/Calaс в условиях миелосупрессии, вызванной введением циклофосфана. Гемостимулирующие свойства препарата оценивали при его подкожном введении в диапазоне доз от 1 до 175 мкг/кг в течение 4–5 суток после введения цитостатика. В образцах крови, взятых в разные сроки после введения, определяли общее количество лейкоцитов и содержание их морфологических форм. Данные эксперимента обрабатывали методами вариационной статистики с помощью пакета программ Statgraphics, v. 5.0. Результаты: пролиферативная активность клеток HL-60, инкубированных с препаратом рчГМ-КСФ в течение 72 ч, носила дозозависимый характер. Наиболее высокие значения повышения пролиферативной активности при увеличении дозы препарата наблюдались в диапазоне концентраций от 0,04 до 0,64 нг/мл (прирост значений показателя при двукратном увеличении дозы составлял 11–18%). В экспериментах на мышах продемонстрирован двухфазный характер дозовой зависимости эффекта. Наибольшую гемостимулирующую активность препарат проявлял в дозе 90 мкг/кг. Выводы: препарат рчГМ-КСФ, полученный по разработанной технологии, обладает выраженной гемостимулирующей активностью, подтвержденной в системах in vitro и in vivo

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the Substance of the Anti-Smallpox Drug NIOCH-14 after Oral Administration to Laboratory Animals

Background: Since most of the modern human population has no anti-smallpox immunity, it is extremely important to develop and implement effective drugs for the treatment of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections. The objective of this study is to determine the main characteristics of the chemical substance NIOCH-14 and its safety and bioavailability in the body of laboratory animals. Methods: The safety of NIOCH-14 upon single- or multiple-dose intragastric administration was assessed according to its effect on the main hematological and pathomorphological parameters of laboratory mice and rats. In order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of NIOCH-14 administered orally, a concentration of ST-246, the active metabolite of NIOCH-14, in mouse blood and organs was determined by tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography. Results: The intragastric administration of NIOCH-14 at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight caused neither death nor signs of intoxication in mice. The intragastric administration of NIOCH-14 to mice and rats at doses of 50 and 150 µg/g body weight either as a single dose or once daily during 30 days did not cause animal death or critical changes in hematological parameters and the microstructure of internal organs. The tissue availability of NIOCH-14 administered orally to the mice at a dose of 50 µg/g body weight, which was calculated according to concentrations of its active metabolite ST-246 for the lungs, liver, kidney, brain, and spleen, was 100, 69.6, 63.3, 26.8 and 20.3%, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of the NIOCH-14 administered orally to mice at a dose of 50 µg/g body weight was 22.8%. Conclusion: Along with the previously determined efficacy against orthopoxviruses, including the smallpox virus, the substance NIOCH-14 was shown to be safe and bioavailable in laboratory animal experiments