Spontaneous annihilation of high-density matter in the electroweak theory

In the presence of fermionic matter the topologically distinct vacua of the standard model are metastable and can decay by tunneling through the sphaleron barrier. This process annihilates one fermion per doublet due to the anomalous non-conservation of baryon and lepton currents and is accompanied by a production of gauge and Higgs bosons. We present a numerical method to obtain local bounce solutions which minimize the Euclidean action in the space of all configurations connecting two adjacent topological sectors. These solutions determine the decay rate and the configuration of the fields after the tunneling. We also follow the real time evolution of this configuration and analyze the spectrum of the created bosons. If the matter density exceeds some critical value, the exponentially suppressed tunneling triggers off an avalanche producing an enormous amount of bosons.Comment: 38 pages, 6 Postscript figure

Ein implantierbares Telemetriesystem zur Impedanzspektroskopie

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Die kontinuierliche Überwachung des intrakorporalen Zustandes von Geweben beispielsweise zur Erkennung ischämischer Vorgänge nach gefäßchirurgischen Eingriffen oder im Rahmen der Rejektionsdiagnostik läßt sich durch bisher vorhandene Meßsysteme nur bedingt erreichen. Speziell die direkte Erfassung sensitiver Gewebeparameter über einen längeren Zeitraum ohne Belastung für den Patienten stellt in diesem Zusammenhang ein Problem dar. In der nachfolgenden Arbeit wird das Konzept eines implantierbaren Telemetriesystems vorgestellt, das die Bewertung des Gewebezustandes über die Messung der frequenzabhängigen Bioimpedanz ermöglicht. Besondere Beachtung wird der Auslegung und Umsetzung der einzelnen Systemkomponenten sowie der Vorstellung erster in vitro Messungen zur Evaluierung des Meßsystems geschenkt

Prompt Multi-Gluon Production in High Energy Collisions from Singular Yang-Mills Solutions

We study non-perturbative parton-parton scattering in the Landau method using singular O(3) symmetric solutions to the Euclidean Yang-Mills equations. These solutions combine instanton dynamics (tunneling) and overlap (transition) between incoming and vacuum fields. We derive a high-energy solution at small Euclidean times, and assess its susequent escape and decay into gluons in Minkowski space-time. We describe the spectrum of the {\it outgoing} gluons and show that it is related through a particular rescaling to the Yang-Mills sphaleron explosion studied earlier. We assess the number of {\it incoming} gluons in the same configuration, and argue that the observed scaling is in fact more general and describes the energy dependence of the spectra and multiplicities at {\it all} energies. Applications to hadron-hadron and nucleus-nucleus collisions are discussed elsewhere

Fermion sea along the sphaleron barrier

In this revised version we have improved the treatment of the top and bottom quark mass. This leads to slight changes of the numerical results, especially of those presented in Fig.4. The discussion of the numerical procedure and accuracy has been extended.Comment: 39 pages (LaTex) plus 5 figures (uuencoded postscript files); RUB-TPII-62/93, to appear in Phys.Rev.

Estimulaçao Atrioventricular Seqüencial no Modo VDD com Eletrodo Fractal Flutuante Unico

A estimulaçao bicameral utilizando um eletrodo flutuante único (modo VDD) pode ser indicada em pacientes com bloqueio atrioventricular (BAV) total e funçao sinusal normal, fundamentada na simplicidade oferecida pelo uso de apenas um eletrodo para obter o sincronismo AV. Contudo, subsistem dúvidas relativas à estabilidade tardia da funçao atrial e à efetividade do eletrodo em manter a leitura efetiva da onda P. Este estudo prospectivo visou a avaliaçao tardia da onda P sentida pelo eletrodo AV único em 40 pacientes que haviam implantado marcapasso VDD. O eletrodo fractal flutuante único SL60 Biotronik foi implantado por via transvenosa, teve a posiçao aferida por escopia. As medidas eletrofisiológicas revelaram onda P média de 2,4 + 1,0 mV, QRS médio de 11,0 + 3,8 mV e limiar de estimulaçao ventricular médio de 0,4 + 0,2 V. A programaçao padrao do gerador Dromos SL Biotronik foi mantida, com sensibilidade atrial de 0,2 mV. Após a alta hospitalar, os pacientes foram acompanhados periodicamente pelo clínico ou em ambulatório. A avaliaçao específica da amplitude mínima da onda P com o paciente na posiçao deitada ou sentada foi realizada em um período pós-implante que variou de 3 a 36 meses (média de 24 meses), com auxílio da telemetria do gerador. Durante o acompanhamento registrou-se perda do sinal e do comando atrial em 5 (12,5%) doentes. A reposiçao do eletrodo foi efetuada em 2 (5%), a reprogramaçao da sensibilidade atrial em 2 (2,5 %) e a reprogramaçao em modo VVI em 1 (2,5%) paciente. Quando da última revisao, 39 (97,5%) pacientes mostraram adequado sincronismo atrioventricular mediado pelo marcapasso. A avaliaçao tardia indicou média da onda P mínima de 1,6 + 1,4 mV em posiçao sentada e de 1,6 + 1,5 mV para os pacientes em pé, valores inferiores ao registrado no implante, mas superiores ao limiar de sensibilidade do marcapasso. Concluímos que o sistema de estimulaçao VDD com eletrodo fractal flutuante único é uma alternativa satisfatória para os pacientes com distúrbio de conduçao AV e atividade elétrica atrial normal. Seu emprego em pacientes com miocardiopatia severa ou que utilizem drogras antiarritmicas ou cronotrópico-negativas deve ser individualmente avaliado

Estimulaçao Atrioventricular Seqüencial no Modo VDD com Eletrodo Fractal Flutuante Unico

A estimulaçao bicameral utilizando um eletrodo flutuante único (modo VDD) pode ser indicada em pacientes com bloqueio atrioventricular (BAV) total e funçao sinusal normal, fundamentada na simplicidade oferecida pelo uso de apenas um eletrodo para obter o sincronismo AV. Contudo, subsistem dúvidas relativas à estabilidade tardia da funçao atrial e à efetividade do eletrodo em manter a leitura efetiva da onda P. Este estudo prospectivo visou a avaliaçao tardia da onda P sentida pelo eletrodo AV único em 40 pacientes que haviam implantado marcapasso VDD. O eletrodo fractal flutuante único SL60 Biotronik foi implantado por via transvenosa, teve a posiçao aferida por escopia. As medidas eletrofisiológicas revelaram onda P média de 2,4 + 1,0 mV, QRS médio de 11,0 + 3,8 mV e limiar de estimulaçao ventricular médio de 0,4 + 0,2 V. A programaçao padrao do gerador Dromos SL Biotronik foi mantida, com sensibilidade atrial de 0,2 mV. Após a alta hospitalar, os pacientes foram acompanhados periodicamente pelo clínico ou em ambulatório. A avaliaçao específica da amplitude mínima da onda P com o paciente na posiçao deitada ou sentada foi realizada em um período pós-implante que variou de 3 a 36 meses (média de 24 meses), com auxílio da telemetria do gerador. Durante o acompanhamento registrou-se perda do sinal e do comando atrial em 5 (12,5%) doentes. A reposiçao do eletrodo foi efetuada em 2 (5%), a reprogramaçao da sensibilidade atrial em 2 (2,5 %) e a reprogramaçao em modo VVI em 1 (2,5%) paciente. Quando da última revisao, 39 (97,5%) pacientes mostraram adequado sincronismo atrioventricular mediado pelo marcapasso. A avaliaçao tardia indicou média da onda P mínima de 1,6 + 1,4 mV em posiçao sentada e de 1,6 + 1,5 mV para os pacientes em pé, valores inferiores ao registrado no implante, mas superiores ao limiar de sensibilidade do marcapasso. Concluímos que o sistema de estimulaçao VDD com eletrodo fractal flutuante único é uma alternativa satisfatória para os pacientes com distúrbio de conduçao AV e atividade elétrica atrial normal. Seu emprego em pacientes com miocardiopatia severa ou que utilizem drogras antiarritmicas ou cronotrópico-negativas deve ser individualmente avaliado

Describing complex interactions of social-ecological systems for tipping point assessments: an analytical framework

Humans play an interconnecting role in social-ecological systems (SES), they are part of these systems and act as agents of their destruction and regulation. This study aims to provide an analytical framework, which combines the concept of SES with the concept of tipping dynamics. As a result, we propose an analytical framework describing relevant dynamics and feedbacks within SES based on two matrixes: the “tipping matrix” and the “cross-impact matrix.” We take the Southwestern Amazon as an example for tropical regions at large and apply the proposed analytical framework to identify key underlying sub-systems within the study region: the soil ecosystem, the household livelihood system, the regional social system, and the regional climate system, which are interconnected through a network of feedbacks. We consider these sub-systems as tipping elements (TE), which when put under stress, can cross a tipping point (TP), resulting in a qualitative and potentially irreversible change of the respective TE. By systematically assessing linkages and feedbacks within and between TEs, our proposed analytical framework can provide an entry point for empirically assessing tipping point dynamics such as “tipping cascades,” which means that the crossing of a TP in one TE may force the tipping of another TE. Policy implications: The proposed joint description of the structure and dynamics within and across SES in respect to characteristics of tipping point dynamics promotes a better understanding of human-nature interactions and critical linkages within regional SES that may be used for effectively informing and directing empirical tipping point assessments, monitoring or intervention purposes. Thereby, the framework can inform policy-making for enhancing the resilience of regional SES

Describing complex interactions of social-ecological systems for tipping point assessments: an analytical framework

Humans play an interconnecting role in social-ecological systems (SES), they are part of these systems and act as agents of their destruction and regulation. This study aims to provide an analytical framework, which combines the concept of SES with the concept of tipping dynamics. As a result, we propose an analytical framework describing relevant dynamics and feedbacks within SES based on two matrixes: the “tipping matrix” and the “cross-impact matrix.” We take the Southwestern Amazon as an example for tropical regions at large and apply the proposed analytical framework to identify key underlying sub-systems within the study region: the soil ecosystem, the household livelihood system, the regional social system, and the regional climate system, which are interconnected through a network of feedbacks. We consider these sub-systems as tipping elements (TE), which when put under stress, can cross a tipping point (TP), resulting in a qualitative and potentially irreversible change of the respective TE. By systematically assessing linkages and feedbacks within and between TEs, our proposed analytical framework can provide an entry point for empirically assessing tipping point dynamics such as “tipping cascades,” which means that the crossing of a TP in one TE may force the tipping of another TE. Policy implications: The proposed joint description of the structure and dynamics within and across SES in respect to characteristics of tipping point dynamics promotes a better understanding of human-nature interactions and critical linkages within regional SES that may be used for effectively informing and directing empirical tipping point assessments, monitoring or intervention purposes. Thereby, the framework can inform policy-making for enhancing the resilience of regional SES

Sphaleron transitions in the Minimal Standard Model and the upper bound for the Higgs Mass

We calculate the dissipation of the baryon number after the electroweak phase transition due to thermal fluctuations above the sphaleron barrier. We consider not only the classical Boltzmann factor but also fermionic and bosonic one-loop contributions. We find that both bosonic and especially fermionic fluctuations can considerably suppress the transition rate. Assuming the Langer--Affleck formalism for this rate, the condition that an initial baryon asymmetry must not be washed out by sphaleron transitions leads, in the Minimal Standard Model ($\sin\theta_W=0$), to an upper bound for the Higgs mass in the range 60 to 75 GeV.Comment: 49 pages, 5 figures (uuencoded PostScript); fixing of the renormalization scale has been improved, numerics has been extende