2,402 research outputs found
Spin pumping by a field-driven domain wall
We calculate the charge current in a metallic ferromagnet to first order in
the time derivative of the magnetization direction. Irrespective of the
microscopic details, the result can be expressed in terms of the conductivities
of the majority and minority electrons and the non-adiabatic spin transfer
torque parameter . The general expression is evaluated for the specific
case of a field-driven domain wall and for that case depends strongly on the
ratio of and the Gilbert damping constant. These results may provide an
experimental method to determine this ratio, which plays a crucial role for
current-driven domain-wall motion.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure v2: some typos corrected v3: published versio
Master equation approach to computing RVB bond amplitudes
We describe a "master equation" analysis for the bond amplitudes h(r) of an
RVB wavefunction. Starting from any initial guess, h(r) evolves (in a manner
dictated by the spin hamiltonian under consideration) toward a steady-state
distribution representing an approximation to the true ground state. Unknown
transition coefficients in the master equation are treated as variational
parameters. We illustrate the method by applying it to the J1-J2
antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. Without frustration (J2=0), the amplitudes
are radially symmetric and fall off as 1/r^3 in the bond length. As the
frustration increases, there are precursor signs of columnar or plaquette VBS
order: the bonds preferentially align along the axes of the square lattice and
weight accrues in the nearest-neighbour bond amplitudes. The Marshall sign rule
holds over a large range of couplings, J2/J1 < 0.418. It fails when the r=(2,1)
bond amplitude first goes negative, a point also marked by a cusp in the ground
state energy. A nonrigourous extrapolation of the staggered magnetic moment
(through this point of nonanalyticity) shows it vanishing continuously at a
critical value J2/J1 = 0.447. This may be preempted by a first-order transition
to a state of broken translational symmetry.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Variational ground states of 2D antiferromagnets in the valence bond basis
We study a variational wave function for the ground state of the
two-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the valence bond basis. The
expansion coefficients are products of amplitudes h(x,y) for valence bonds
connecting spins separated by (x,y) lattice spacings. In contrast to previous
studies, in which a functional form for h(x,y) was assumed, we here optimize
all the amplitudes for lattices with up to 32*32 spins. We use two different
schemes for optimizing the amplitudes; a Newton/conjugate-gradient method and a
stochastic method which requires only the signs of the first derivatives of the
energy. The latter method performs significantly better. The energy for large
systems deviates by only approx. 0.06% from its exact value (calculated using
unbiased quantum Monte Carlo simulations). The spin correlations are also well
reproduced, falling approx. 2% below the exact ones at long distances. The
amplitudes h(r) for valence bonds of long length r decay as 1/r^3. We also
discuss some results for small frustrated lattices.Comment: v2: 8 pages, 5 figures, significantly expanded, new optimization
method, improved result
Investigation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and room temperature skyrmions in W/CoFeB/MgO thin films and microwires
Recent studies have shown that material structures, which lack structural
inversion symmetry and have high spin-orbit coupling can exhibit chiral
magnetic textures and skyrmions which could be a key component for next
generation storage devices. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) that
stabilizes skyrmions is an anti-symmetric exchange interaction favoring
non-collinear orientation of neighboring spins. It has been shown that material
systems with high DMI can lead to very efficient domain wall and skyrmion
motion by spin-orbit torques. To engineer such devices, it is important to
quantify the DMI for a given material system. Here we extract the DMI at the
Heavy Metal (HM) /Ferromagnet (FM) interface using two complementary
measurement schemes namely asymmetric domain wall motion and the magnetic
stripe annihilation. By using the two different measurement schemes, we find
for W(5 nm)/Co20Fe60B20(0.6 nm)/MgO(2 nm) the DMI to be 0.68 +/- 0.05 mJ/m2 and
0.73 +/- 0.5 mJ/m2, respectively. Furthermore, we show that this DMI stabilizes
skyrmions at room temperature and that there is a strong dependence of the DMI
on the relative composition of the CoFeB alloy. Finally we optimize the layers
and the interfaces using different growth conditions and demonstrate that a
higher deposition rate leads to a more uniform film with reduced pinning and
skyrmions that can be manipulated by Spin-Orbit Torques
Chiral magnetization textures stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction during spin-orbit torque switching
We study the effect of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) on
current-induced magnetic switching of a perpendicularly magnetized
heavy-metal/ferromagnet/oxide trilayer both experimentally and through
micromagnetic simulations. We report the generation of stable helical
magnetization stripes for a sufficiently large DMI strength in the switching
region, giving rise to intermediate states in the magnetization confirming the
essential role of the DMI on switching processes. We compare the simulation and
experimental results to a macrospin model, showing the need for a micromagnetic
approach. The influence of the temperature on the switching is also discussed.Comment: Includes corrected acknowledgements and clarification of simulation
parameter
A reliable Pade analytical continuation method based on a high accuracy symbolic computation algorithm
We critique a Pade analytic continuation method whereby a rational polynomial
function is fit to a set of input points by means of a single matrix inversion.
This procedure is accomplished to an extremely high accuracy using a novel
symbolic computation algorithm. As an example of this method in action we apply
it to the problem of determining the spectral function of a one-particle
thermal Green's function known only at a finite number of Matsubara frequencies
with two example self energies drawn from the T-matrix theory of the Hubbard
model. We present a systematic analysis of the effects of error in the input
points on the analytic continuation, and this leads us to propose a procedure
to test quantitatively the reliability of the resulting continuation, thus
eliminating the black magic label frequently attached to this procedure.Comment: 11 pages, 8 eps figs, revtex format; revised version includes
reference to anonymous ftp site containing example codes (MapleVr5.1
worksheets) displaying the implementation of the algorithm, including the
padematinv.m library packag
Persistence of magnons in a site-diluted dimerized frustrated antiferromagnet
We present inelastic neutron scattering and thermodynamic measurements
characterizing the magnetic excitations in a disordered non-magnetic
substituted spin-liquid antiferromagnet. The parent compound Ba3Mn2O8 is a
dimerized, quasi-two-dimensional geometrically frustrated quantum disordered
antiferromagnet. We substitute this compound with non-magnetic vanadium for the
S = 1 manganese atoms, Ba3(Mn1-xVx)2O8, and find that the singlet-triplet
excitations which dominate the spectrum of the parent compound persist for the
full range of substitution examined, x = 0.02 to 0.3. We also observe
additional low-energy magnetic fluctuations which are enhanced at the greatest
substitution values. These excitations may be a precursor to a low-temperature
random singlet phase which may exist in Ba3(Mn1-xVx)2O8Comment: 30 pages, 9 figure
Enhanced magnetic moment and conductive behavior in NiFe2O4 spinel ultrathin films
Bulk NiFe2O4 is an insulating ferrimagnet. Here, we report on the epitaxial
growth of spinel NiFe2O4 ultrathin films onto SrTiO3 single-crystals. We will
show that - under appropriate growth conditions - epitaxial stabilization leads
to the formation of a spinel phase with magnetic and electrical properties that
radically differ from those of the bulk material : an enhanced magnetic moment
(Ms) - about 250% larger - and a metallic character. A systematic study of the
thickness dependence of Ms allows to conclude that its enhanced value is due to
an anomalous distribution of the Fe and Ni cations among the A and B sites of
the spinel structure resulting from the off-equilibrium growth conditions and
to interface effects. The relevance of these findings for spinel- and, more
generally, oxide-based heterostructures is discussed. We will argue that this
novel material could be an alternative ferromagetic-metallic electrode in
magnetic tunnel junctions.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Accurate Results from Perturbation Theory for Strongly Frustrated Heisenberg Spin Clusters
We investigate the use of perturbation theory in finite sized frustrated spin
systems by calculating the effect of quantum fluctuations on coherent states
derived from the classical ground state. We first calculate the ground and
first excited state wavefunctions as a function of applied field for a 12-site
system and compare with the results of exact diagonalization. We then apply the
technique to a 20-site system with the same three fold site coordination as the
12-site system. Frustration results in asymptotically convergent series for
both systems which are summed with Pad\'e approximants.
We find that at zero magnetic field the different connectivity of the two
systems leads to a triplet first excited state in the 12-site system and a
singlet first excited state in the 20-site system, while the ground state is a
singlet for both. We also show how the analytic structure of the Pad\'e
approximants at evolves in the complex plane at
the values of the applied field where the ground state switches between spin
sectors and how this is connected with the non-trivial dependence of the
number on the strength of quantum fluctuations. We discuss the origin
of this difference in the energy spectra and in the analytic structures. We
also characterize the ground and first excited states according to the values
of the various spin correlation functions.Comment: Final version, accepted for publication in Physical review
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