Historical Case Study of Stella L. Wood

The focus of this historical case study is to examine the life of Stella Louise Wood, an educator recognized for her leadership in public kindergarten and teacher training in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She spearheaded the campaign for free public kindergartens in the city in 1896, and was the leader of its teacher training school for the following fifty-two years. In that time, Stella Wood shared her strong commitment to the youngest students and her dynamic spirit with over 2,500 teacher trainees, known as Miss Wood\u27s girls. She lived to approve a merger of her school with Macalester College in St. Paul, and assist in planning the merger

Self-Similarity and Localization

The localized eigenstates of the Harper equation exhibit universal self-similar fluctuations once the exponentially decaying part of a wave function is factorized out. For a fixed quantum state, we show that the whole localized phase is characterized by a single strong coupling fixed point of the renormalization equations. This fixed point also describes the generalized Harper model with next nearest neighbor interaction below a certain threshold. Above the threshold, the fluctuations in the generalized Harper model are described by a strange invariant set of the renormalization equations.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, 2 figures include

Universal criterion for the breakup of invariant tori in dissipative systems

The transition from quasiperiodicity to chaos is studied in a two-dimensional dissipative map with the inverse golden mean rotation number. On the basis of a decimation scheme, it is argued that the (minimal) slope of the critical iterated circle map is proportional to the effective Jacobian determinant. Approaching the zero-Jacobian-determinant limit, the factor of proportion becomes a universal constant. Numerical investigation on the dissipative standard map suggests that this universal number could become observable in experiments. The decimation technique introduced in this paper is readily applicable also to the discrete quasiperiodic Schrodinger equation.Comment: 13 page

Dimer Decimation and Intricately Nested Localized-Ballistic Phases of Kicked Harper

Dimer decimation scheme is introduced in order to study the kicked quantum systems exhibiting localization transition. The tight-binding representation of the model is mapped to a vectorized dimer where an asymptotic dissociation of the dimer is shown to correspond to the vanishing of the transmission coefficient thru the system. The method unveils an intricate nesting of extended and localized phases in two-dimensional parameter space. In addition to computing transport characteristics with extremely high precision, the renormalization tools also provide a new method to compute quasienergy spectrum.Comment: There are five postscript figures. Only half of the figure (3) is shown to reduce file size. However, missing part is the mirror image of the part show

Conductivity of 2D lattice electrons in an incommensurate magnetic field

We consider conductivities of two-dimensional lattice electrons in a magnetic field. We focus on systems where the flux per plaquette $\phi$ is irrational (incommensurate flux). To realize the system with the incommensurate flux, we consider a series of systems with commensurate fluxes which converge to the irrational value. We have calculated a real part of the longitudinal conductivity $\sigma_{xx}(\omega)$. Using a scaling analysis, we have found $\Re\sigma_{xx}(\omega)$ behaves as $1/\omega ^{\gamma}$ \,$(\gamma =0.55)$ when $\phi =\tau,(\tau =\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2})$ and the Fermi energy is near zero. This behavior is closely related to the known scaling behavior of the spectrum.Comment: 16 pages, postscript files are available on reques

Collision and symmetry-breaking in the transition to strange nonchaotic attractors

Strange nonchaotic attractors (SNAs) can be created due to the collision of an invariant curve with itself. This novel ``homoclinic'' transition to SNAs occurs in quasiperiodically driven maps which derive from the discrete Schr\"odinger equation for a particle in a quasiperiodic potential. In the classical dynamics, there is a transition from torus attractors to SNAs, which, in the quantum system is manifest as the localization transition. This equivalence provides new insights into a variety of properties of SNAs, including its fractal measure. Further, there is a {\it symmetry breaking} associated with the creation of SNAs which rigorously shows that the Lyapunov exponent is nonpositive. By considering other related driven iterative mappings, we show that these characteristics associated with the the appearance of SNA are robust and occur in a large class of systems.Comment: To be appear in Physical Review Letter

InParanoid 6: eukaryotic ortholog clusters with inparalogs

The InParanoid eukaryotic ortholog database (http://InParanoid.sbc.su.se/) has been updated to version 6 and is now based on 35 species. We collected all available ‘complete’ eukaryotic proteomes and Escherichia coli, and calculated ortholog groups for all 595 species pairs using the InParanoid program. This resulted in 2 642 187 pairwise ortholog groups in total. The orthology-based species relations are presented in an orthophylogram. InParanoid clusters contain one or more orthologs from each of the two species. Multiple orthologs in the same species, i.e. inparalogs, result from gene duplications after the species divergence. A new InParanoid website has been developed which is optimized for speed both for users and for updating the system. The XML output format has been improved for efficient processing of the InParanoid ortholog clusters

Hidden dimers and the matrix maps: Fibonacci chains re-visited

The existence of cycles of the matrix maps in Fibonacci class of lattices is well established. We show that such cycles are intimately connected with the presence of interesting positional correlations among the constituent `atoms' in a one dimensional quasiperiodic lattice. We particularly address the transfer model of the classic golden mean Fibonacci chain where a six cycle of the full matrix map exists at the centre of the spectrum [Kohmoto et al, Phys. Rev. B 35, 1020 (1987)], and for which no simple physical picture has so far been provided, to the best of our knowledge. In addition, we show that our prescription leads to a determination of other energy values for a mixed model of the Fibonacci chain, for which the full matrix map may have similar cyclic behaviour. Apart from the standard transfer-model of a golden mean Fibonacci chain, we address a variant of it and the silver mean lattice, where the existence of four cycles of the matrix map is already known to exist. The underlying positional correlations for all such cases are discussed in details.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to Physical Review

Cisternal Organization of the Endoplasmic Reticulum during Mitosis

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of animal cells is a single, dynamic, and continuous membrane network of interconnected cisternae and tubules spread out throughout the cytosol in direct contact with the nuclear envelope. During mitosis, the nuclear envelope undergoes a major rearrangement, as it rapidly partitions its membrane-bound contents into the ER. It is therefore of great interest to determine whether any major transformation in the architecture of the ER also occurs during cell division. We present structural evidence, from rapid, live-cell, three-dimensional imaging with confirmation from high-resolution electron microscopy tomography of samples preserved by high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution, unambiguously showing that from prometaphase to telophase of mammalian cells, most of the ER is organized as extended cisternae, with a very small fraction remaining organized as tubules. In contrast, during interphase, the ER displays the familiar reticular network of convolved cisternae linked to tubules

Physical nature of critical wave functions in Fibonacci systems

We report on a new class of critical states in the energy spectrum of general Fibonacci systems. By introducing a transfer matrix renormalization technique, we prove that the charge distribution of these states spreads over the whole system, showing transport properties characteristic of electronic extended states. Our analytical method is a first step to find out the link between the spatial structure of these critical wave functions and the quasiperiodic order of the underlying lattice.Comment: REVTEX 3.0, 11 pages, 2 figures available upon request. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let