40 research outputs found

    Sonde RICA, viticulture vin de table, région Languedoc-Roussillon (campagnes 1990-1991)

    No full text
    Analysis of the most striking results of the " FADN soundings " performed in 1990 and 1991 on 34 farms producing mainly table wine in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. A stable sample of 20 farms has also been compared over three years, 1989, 1990 and 1991. Despite a relative stability of the selling prices over this period, the benefits have clearly increased with respect to the previous years. Quantitative factors (area, yield), more than qualitative factors, insure the final result. Some factors do not have the positive influence on the final result (benefit) that could have been expected from them: the workforce quantity per hectare (no improvement), the vinification in a private cellar (farms that use it have a lower benefit per ha than those which go through cooperatives, but a higher global benefit because they are larger), the hillside location (it leads to the same results as plain locations). / Analyse des rĂ©sultats jugĂ©s les plus marquants des " sondes R.I.C.A. " rĂ©alisĂ©es en 1990 et 1991 sur 34 exploitations de la RĂ©gion Languedoc-Roussillon produisant essentiellement du vin de table. On a Ă©galement comparĂ© un Ă©chantillon stable de 20 exploitations sur trois annĂ©es, 1989, 1990 et 1991. MalgrĂ© une stagnation relative des prix de vente sur cette pĂ©riode, les bĂ©nĂ©fices sont en nette amĂ©lioration par rapport aux annĂ©es antĂ©rieures. Plus que les facteurs de qualitĂ©, c'est l'importance des facteurs quantitatifs (superficie, rendements) qui assure le bĂ©nĂ©fice final. Certains facteurs n'ont pas l'influence positive sur le rĂ©sultat final (bĂ©nĂ©fice) qu'on aurait pu en attendre : l'importance de la quantitĂ© de main d'oeuvre utilisĂ©e Ă  l'hectare (elle n'induit aucune amĂ©lioration), la vinification en cave particuliĂšre (les exploitations qui la pratiquent ont un bĂ©nĂ©fice Ă  l'ha infĂ©rieur Ă  celles qui passent par les coopĂ©ratives, mais un bĂ©nĂ©fice global supĂ©rieur car elles sont plus grandes), la situation en coteaux (elle se traduit par des rĂ©sultats du mĂȘme ordre que la situation en plaine)

    Entomologische Chronik (James Edward Collin, F. R. E. S.).

    No full text
    In memoriam James Edward Collin, F. R. E. S., *16.03.1876 +16.06.1968.In memoriam James Edward Collin, F. R. E. S., *16.03.1876 +16.06.1968

    Entomologische Chronik (Ralph Leonard Coe).

    No full text
    In memoriam Ralph Leonard Coe, M. I. Biol., *16.03.1906 +13.03.1968.In memoriam Ralph Leonard Coe, M. I. Biol., *16.03.1906 +13.03.1968

    La qualitĂ© gustative de la pĂȘche, cas des variĂ©tĂ©s Ă  faible aciditĂ©, Ă©tude 1991

    No full text
    In the framework of studies conducted on fruit quality, the CEMAGREF performed, in 1991, a study on peaches and nectarines. One of the goals was to assess the taste quality of recent varieties. Warned by professionnals, the CEMAGREF looked more closely at the taste quality of some varieties characterized by an acidity level lower than the average level, and thought to be tasteless in spite of a good sugar content. Some samples of the considered varieties and of test varieties have thus been analyzed and tasted during the 1991 season. Measurements made on the samples from at least 30 fruits dealt with firmness, refractometric index and titratable acidity. The tasting took place according to the CEMAGREF protocol: grading of the outside aspect, texture and taste on a 5-point scale; allocation of a global taste grade (on 20 points) to each sample. / Dans le cadre des travaux qu'il conduit sur la qualitĂ© des fruits, le CEMAGREF a rĂ©alisĂ© en 1991 une Ă©tude sur la pĂȘche et la nectarine. L'un des objectifs Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer le potentiel gustatif des variĂ©tĂ©s rĂ©centes. Par ailleurs, alertĂ© par des professionnels, le CEMAGREF s'est penchĂ© plus particuliĂšrement sur la qualitĂ© gustative de certaines variĂ©tĂ©s caractĂ©risĂ©es par une aciditĂ© plus faible que la moyenne, et suspectĂ©es d'avoir une saveur particuliĂšrement peu dĂ©veloppĂ©e malgrĂ© des teneurs en sucres satisfaisantes. Des Ă©chantillons des variĂ©tĂ©s considĂ©rĂ©es et de variĂ©tĂ©s tĂ©moins ont donc Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s et dĂ©gustĂ©s au cours de la saison 1991. Les mesures, rĂ©alisĂ©es sur des Ă©chantillons d'au moins 30 fruits, portaient sur la fermetĂ©, l'indice rĂ©fractomĂ©trique et l'aciditĂ© titrable. Les dĂ©gustations se sont faites selon le protocole appliquĂ© au CEMAGREF: notation de l'aspect extĂ©rieur, de la texture et de la saveur sur 5 points; attribution Ă  chaque Ă©chantillon d'une note gustative globale (sur 20 points)

    Suivi spatio-temporel des surfaces incendiĂ©es pour l’évaluation des dommages aprĂšs l’incendie de forĂȘt de FontanĂšs (34)

    No full text
    [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVINRemote sensing represents a precious help to map damages caused by wildfires. In the framework of the TOSCA project aimed to prepare the Ven”s and Sentinel-2 missions, this study reflects the interest of using multi-temporal series of LANDSAT images with high spatial resolution concerning wildfire issues. The aim of this study is to discriminate several damages on the image which reveals the impact of fire on vegetation. It introduces a new field observation method based on existing protocols – Composite Burning Index (CBI) and the prototype of intensity scale developed by the Cemagref (Lampin et al., 2002) – to describe and characterize the post-wildfire damages and to compare them with high resolution images. Two classifications were obtained before and after wildfire, allowing to characterize fuel before the wildfire and levels of post wildfire damages. The pre-fire classification brings a global precision of 62.14 % whereas in the post-fire classification this accuracy represents 83.33 % thanks to a spatial tolerance. The confusion focuses on the discrimination of high and very high damage level classes. This methodology could be applied to assess post-fire damages considering satellite image with better spatial resolution.La tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection est un outil prĂ©cieux pour cartographier les dommages causĂ©s par les incendies de forĂȘt. Dans le cadre du projet TOSCA visant Ă  la prĂ©paration des missions VĂ©n”s et Sentinel-2, cette Ă©tude montre l’intĂ©rĂȘt de l’utilisation des sĂ©ries multi-temporelles d’images LANDSAT Ă  Haute RĂ©solution pour la thĂ©matique des feux de forĂȘt. L’objectif est de pouvoir distinguer plusieurs degrĂ©s d’endommagement sur la vĂ©gĂ©tation Ă  partir de donnĂ©es satellitales. Un protocole terrain basĂ© sur des protocoles existants – Composite Burning Index (CBI) et l’échelle d’intensitĂ© du Cemagref (Lampin et al., 2002) – a Ă©tĂ© mis en place pour dĂ©crire les dommages, les quantifier et les mettre en relation avec les images satellitaires. Deux classifications d’images avant et aprĂšs feu ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence les types de combustibles prĂ©sents avant l’incendie d’une part, les niveaux de dommages sur la vĂ©gĂ©tation aprĂšs l’incendie d’autre part. La classification avant feu prĂ©sente une prĂ©cision globale de 62.14 % tandis que celle aprĂšs feu prĂ©sente une prĂ©cision globale de 83.33 % du fait de la prise en compte d’une tolĂ©rance spatiale pour les points de validation. Concernant les dommages, des confusions rĂ©sident essentiellement entre les niveaux fort et trĂšs fort. Cette mĂ©thodologie pourra ĂȘtre adaptĂ©e Ă  l’évaluation des dommages aprĂšs feu en considĂ©rant des images satellites de meilleure rĂ©solution spatiale

    Guide de cartographie et de caractĂ©risation des interfaces habitat-forĂȘt

    No full text
    This guide presents a method for wildland-urban interface mapping, applied to large areas, at a large scale. This method can be adapted easily to specific situations observed in different European countries. The guide is based on a combination of four housing configuration types and three types of horizontal structure of vegetation. Twelve wildland-urban interface types have been produced. It is particularly well adapted to the French environment, but the method has also been well adapted (and applied) to Spain and Greece. In tandem with a software tool WUImap it was developed and presented in guide-form to map WUIs automatically. Some examples of use of such WUI maps have been presented in the guide

    Guide technique de cartographie et caractĂ©risation des interfaces habitat-forĂȘt dans le contexte risque d'incendie de forĂȘt en Europe mĂ©diterranĂ©enne

    No full text
    International audienceThe paper presents the major outcomes of the produced guide. It particularly describes the method developed for mapping WUIs on large areas and at large scale in the European Mediterranean context. The method used remote sensing and spatial analysis tools. Particularly adapted to the French context, it can be easily adapted according specific contexts observed in different European countries. After specifying accurate definition of wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), a WUI typology was based on the combination of four housing configuration types and three natures of horizontal structure of vegetation determined through objective and quantitative criteria. Housing configuration reveals spatial organization of residential dwellings: isolated, scattered, dense clustered and very dense clustered housing. Horizontal structure of vegetation points out the continuous vegetation, the sparse vegetation or the no existing vegetation in contact with houses. Twelve wildland-urban interface types were produced.In parallel a software tool was developed and briefly presented in the paper in order to map WUIs as automatically as possible. The production of WUI maps presents high interest for quantification of the extension of WUIs on the territory, main characteristics of WUIs, assessment and mapping of fire risk levels in WUIs. The main objective of the guide is to help end-users such as land managers, foresters and fire-fighters to locate WUIs on the ground with a view to develop specific actions for wildfires prevention according to WUI types, to create public awareness programs for inhabitants faced with wildfire risk, and to assess fire fighting difficulties due to urbanization
    corecore