Damage of functionalized self-assembly monomolecular layers applied to silicon microgear MEMS

Tooth surfaces of silicon-based MEMS microgears are described as smooth surfaces covered by adhesive asperities (nanoblocks). To reduce adhesive effects, the tooth surfaces are functionalized by OTS-SAM (Octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembly monomolecular) carbon-based functionalized coatings. The wear of the coating is modelled using the modified Goryacheva-Torskaya model of damage accumulation. The amount of energy dissipated by different physical and chemical mechanisms along with energy dissipated by mechanical deformation of the counterparts is used to evaluate the frictional force. The main scenarios of wear process within the coating are described and discussed. The damage evolution is described for several levels of external load

Эластография печени в детской практике

We anylised results of elastography of 77 patients with chronic liver diffus lesions including: viruses hepatitis B, C, D – 50, autoimmune – 16, metabolic disease – 6, neonatal hepatities – 5 persons. Fibrosis stage was assessed on METAVIR scail. For patients with viruses hepatitis B, C with an averege duration of disease 9,8±0,7 years, a minimum fibrosis stage (F0-1) and low cytolytic activity were indicated. Patients with viruses hepatitis D were characterised by F2 fibrosis stage at the level of hyperenzemia to 4-5 rate, and history of the disease – 10,3±1,8 years. Patients with metabolic liver damage showed signs of modarate fibrosis at 10,3±1,8 years. Heavy fibrosis was marked in autoimmune hepatitis with duration of disease 5 years and indicators of ALT to 3 rate. Neonatal hepatities were characterised by the highest level of cytolysis and by development of fibrosis in 80% of cases with 0,9+0,3 year history of the disease.Проанализированы результаты эластографии у 77 пациентов с хроническими диффузными поражениями печени, среди которых: вирусные гепатиты В, С, D – 50, аутоиммунные – 16, обменные заболевания – 6, неонатальные гепатиты – 5 человек. Степень фиброза оценивалась по шкале METAVIR. У больных вирусным гепатитом В и С со средней длительностью болезни 9,8±0,7 лет отмечалась минимальная степень фиброза (F0-1) и низкая цитолитическая активность; вирусным гепатитом D – F2, при уровне гиперферментемии до 4–5 норм, и анамнезе заболевания – 10,3±1,8 лет. Признаки умеренного фиброза (F2) у пациентов с метаболическими поражениями печени формировались к 11,6±0,8 годам. При аутоиммунных гепатитах отмечена выраженная степень фиброза (F3) с длительностью заболевания 5,6±0,5 лет и показателях АлАТ до 3 норм. Неонатальные гепатиты с анамнезом заболевания 0,9±0,3 года, характеризовались максимально высокими показателями цитолиза и развитием фиброза (F3-4) в 80% случаев

ВИРУСНЫЙ ГЕПАТИТ А С РАЗВИТИЕМ АПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ АНЕМИИ У РЕБЕНКА 5 ЛЕТ (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

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НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ПЕЧЕНИ У ДЕТЕЙ

This review presents the current possibilities of diagnosis of children’s liver disease: to define avidity of antibodies to hepatitis A, C for detection early infection, the development of non-invasive panel of serum markers of fibrosis and the introduction of elastography liver, as an alternative to needle biopsy. Indicated promising directions in the therapeutic tactics of viral hepatitis in children associated with the use of combined schemes of parenteral interferon (IF), including pegylated, in conjunction with similar nukleoz(t) ides, IF inducers.В обзоре представлены современные возможности диагностики заболеваний печени у детей: определение авидности антител к вирусам гепатита А, С для выявления раннего инфицирования, разработка панелей неинвазивных сывороточных маркеров фиброза и внедрение эластографии печени как альтернативы пункционной биопсии. Указаны перспективные направления в терапевтической тактике вирусных гепатитов у детей, связанные с использованием комбинированных схем парентеральных интерферонов (ИФ), в том числе пегилированных, в сочетании с аналогами нуклеоз (т)идов, индукторов ИФ

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ И ИСХОДЫ НЕОНАТАЛЬНЫХ ГЕПАТИТОВ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ЭТИОЛОГИИ

We have performed primary examination of 50 children with neonatal hepatitis. Prevalence of herpes infection as the etiologic agent (40,0%) has been found, as well as parenteral hepatitis, both as an isolated (26,0%) and mixed infections. We conducted a comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory data at initial examination and determined the outcomes of neonatal hepatitis to 12 months of life depending on the etiology. Congenital CMV- etiology hepatitis characterized by more cytolysis, mainly due to aspartate aminotransferase and cholestasis, which is 33,3% of cases combined by acholia and urobiliya. In 50,0% of patients with CMV-hepatitis was detected fibrosis with a mean value of liver elastography 9,9 kPa, which is ІІІ degrees of fibrosis METAVIR scale, whereas in children with primary chronic hepatitis C and concomitant HCV + DNA-virus infection fibrosis was not registered. Despite on the large number of modern non-invasive techniques for determining the degree of hepatic fibrosis, the use of its in children during the first months of life is limited and does not allow to predict disease outcome.Проведен анализ клинико-лабораторных данных 50 пациентов с неонатальным гепатитом в динамике с целью определения особенностей течения болезни и ее исхода к 12 месяцам жизни в зависимости от этиологии и первичных клинико-анамнестических данных заболевания. Выявлено преобладание герпетической инфекции в качестве этиологического агента (40,0%), а также парентеральных гепатитов как в виде изолированной HCV-инфекции (26,0%), так и смешанной HCV+ДНК-инфекции. Установлено, что врожденные гепатиты CMV-этиологии протекают более тяжело с выраженным цитолизом (преимущественно за счет аспартатаминотрансферазы) и холестазом, который в 33,3% случаев сопровождается ахолией и уробилией. У 50,0% пациентов с CMV-гепатитом выявлен фиброз со средним значением эластографии печени 9,9 кПа по шкале METAVIR, тогда как у детей с первично-хроническим гепатитом С и сочетанной HCV+ДНК-вирусной инфекцией фиброз зарегистрирован не был. Несмотря на наличие большого количества современных неинвазивных методик по определению степени фиброза печени, использование их у детей первых месяцев жизни ограничено и не позволяет прогнозировать исход заболевания

СИНДРОМ АЛАЖИЛЛЯ В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

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Analysis of the dynamics and structure of morbidity of athletes of the national teams of Moscow based on the results of medical examination

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure and dynamics of morbidity of athletes, members of sports teams of the city of Moscow based on the results of an in-depth medical examination in the period 2017–2021.Materials and methods: The data of the medical examination of athletes, which took place at the Moscow scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine, including instrumental, functional and laboratory studies from 2017 to 2021, were analyzed. In 2017, 15176 athletes were examined, in 2018 and 2019, 11200, in 2020, 10080 people and in 2021–11922 athletes.Results: The results of the study showed an increase in the proportion of amenorrhea within the triad of athletes, an increase in general therapeutic morbidity, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, among which the proportion of secondary hyperbilirubinemia in 2021 increased 3 times compared to 2020, which, in our opinion, is also due to the impact of the pandemic and quarantine restrictions.The high prevalence of ophthalmological morbidity of athletes and changes in the cardiovascular system is shown. During 2017–2021, a change in the structure of cardiac morbidity was revealed in the form of an increase in the proportion of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertensive response to stress.An increase in the endocrine morbidity of athletes in 2021 was revealed due to an increase in the proportion of hypothyroidism and more frequent detection of hyperthyroidism, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires further research.There was also an increase in diseases of the skin and genitourinary system in athletes. Psychological problems of athletes increased during the observation period from 2017 to 2021. There was no significant dynamics of surgical and traumatological diseases, otolaryngological pathologу.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance of regular full-fledged examination of athletes, identification of various functional disorders and diseases for their timely prevention and treatment in order to preserve the health of athletes and improve athletic performance